Review of Plant Decontamination Methods

Remark, John F.; Miller, Alan D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3710-2_7

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ etc. (Reiss et al, 2009;Nuclear Energy Agency, 2008;Wille and Berthaldt, 2000;Wilde et al, 1984;Remark, 1989). An example of an oxidant that is deployed in the former step is permanganic acid, HMnO4, where the excess remaining after the initial surface oxidation step is reduced from Mn +7 to Mn +2 by oxalic acid (Bradbury, 2001;Wille and Berthaldt, 2000;Remark, 1989).…”

Section: Search For a Solution To Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chemical decontamination solution is injected, with a side stream of circulated coolant passed through a filter and cation exchange resin column to regenerate the solution online (Cacuci, 2010). A second generation LOMI process uses less formate and NaOH resulting in the use of significantly less ion exchange resin for waste clean-up (Remark, 1989).…”

Section: Low Oxidation Metal Ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Remark (Remark, 1989), the leading oxide removal method for LOMI process is an oxidation-reduction mechanism, where the vanadous ion transfers an electron to the ferric ion, Fe 3+ , in the scale reducing the ferric ion to ferrous ion, Fe 2+ . The reduction of the ferric ion to ferrous destabilises the corrosion film structure, allowing the complexing agent, picolinic acid, C6H5NO2 to chemically bond with the metallic species in the corrosion film.…”

Section: Low Oxidation Metal Ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Citric acid, C6H8O7, may also be used as a chelating agent (Davis et al, 2009). The primary mechanism for the oxide film removal is acid-digestion (Remark, 1989). With this technology, mixed bed ion exchange resins are utilised to remove the metals and regenerate the acid (Bradbury, 2000).…”

Section: Canadian Depleted Uranium Decontaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the chelating agent, citric acid, C6H8O7, helps keep the metal from precipitating out, until the metals are removed from the spent cleaning solution via cation exchange. The primary mechanism for the oxide film removal is acid-digestion (Remark, 1989). Being a regenerative process, the solvent is continuously circulated through the resin bed, removing the dissolved metals, including radionuclides, hence, restoring/regenerating the acid.…”

Section: Citric Acid/oxalic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remediation of Spent Oxalic Acid Nuclear Decontamination Solutions Using Ozone

Ketusky

2018

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The Savannah River Site (SRS) has forty-three remaining very large underground tanks containing significant quantities of nuclear waste generated primarily from cold-war radiochemical separations. All of the tanks eventually must be closed. As part of decommissioning/closing the nuclear waste tanks, even residual quantities of the waste must be removed. Although most sludge can be removed mechanically, chemically cleaning (i.e. decontamination) with oxalic acid is used to aid in the removal of residual quantities. Although oxalic acid works for cleaning the tanks, its downstream impacts are considered detrimental. To better understand and quantify the impacts, detailed models were developed to account for different potential processing strategies for handling the spent oxalic acid nuclear decontamination slurries. Although the results vary, the models show that regardless of the oxalate handling strategies: 1) significant washing to decrease sodium concentration/solids concentration in vitrification feed will be required, and 2) the creation of copious future additions of feed for salt processing will be unavoidable. Using a Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) approach, a modified form of the Chemical Oxidation Reduction Decontamination (CORD) ultraviolet (UV) light was identified as being used with an analogous but already resolved problem that could be adapted to SRS HLW tank cleaning. A novel preliminary process called Enhanced Chemical Cleaning (ECC) was envisioned. Many people have aided me in this research and made this thesis possible. Naming all key people would likely be impossible; therefore, I will probably leave someone out. In advance, please accept my apologies. From my time at High-Level Waste Engineering, I would like to thank Renee Spires, Tommy Caldwell, Mark Mahoney, and Neil Davis. They were the first people to honestly trust my novel TRIZ determination that using oxalic acid to clean the High-Level Waste tanks, tied closely to decomposing the resultant spent acid solution represented the "ideal solution." At Savannah River National Laboratory, Chris Martino and Bill King, who spent considerable time helping me understand much of the oxidation chemistry. At AREVA NP (Lynchburg) Dennis Jones, John Remark, Ray Beatty, and Sarah Evans, all who helped me gain valuable insights. My supervisor Professor Colin Boxall who encouraged me throughout the process. And finally, to my many friends and colleagues that supported me during this research. viii

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Section: Search For a Solution To Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Low Oxidation Metal Ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Low Oxidation Metal Ionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Canadian Depleted Uranium Decontaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Citric Acid/oxalic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remediation of Spent Oxalic Acid Nuclear Decontamination Solutions Using Ozone

Ketusky

2018

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Effect of decontamination on aging processes and considerations for life extension

Diercks

1989

Nuclear Engineering and Design

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The tubmitud manuscript has been authored by * contractor of the U. S-Government under contract No. W-31-109-6NG-38. Accordingly, the U. S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free ttcenn to publiih or reproduce the published form of thia contribution, or allow others to do to, for U. S. Government purpoan. DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor cny agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability ur responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government ur any agency thersol I he \iews and opinions oi authors expressed herein do not necessarily ,Liic <

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Evaluation of Radiological Effects on the Aptamers to Remove Ionic Radionuclides in the Liquid Radioactive Waste

Lee¹,

Cha²,

Kim³

et al. 2023

J Radiat Prot Res

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Background: Aptamers are currently being used in various fields including medical treatments due to their characteristics of selectively binding to specific molecules. Due to their special characteristics, the aptamers are expected to be used to remove radionuclides from a large amount of liquid radioactive waste generated during the decommissioning of nuclear power plants. The radiological effects on the aptamers should be evaluated to ensure their integrity for the application of a radionuclide removal technique.Materials and Methods: In this study, Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code version 6 (MCNP6) and Monte Carlo damage simulation (MCDS) codes were employed to evaluate the radiological effects on the aptamers. MCNP6 was used to evaluate the secondary electron spectrum and the absorbed dose in a medium. MCDS was used to calculate the DNA damage by using the secondary electron spectrum and the absorbed dose. Binding experiments were conducted to indirectly verify the results derived by MCNP6 and MCDS calculations.Results and Discussion: Damage yields of about 5.00×10-4 were calculated for 100 bp aptamer due to the radiation dose of 1 Gy. In experiments with radioactive materials, the results that the removal rate of the radioactive 60Co by the aptamer is the same with the non-radioactive 59Co prove the accuracy of the previous DNA damage calculation.Conclusion: The evaluation results suggest that only very small fraction of significant number of the aptamers will be damaged by the radioactive materials in the liquid radioactive waste. Keywords: Aptamer, Liquid Radioactive Waste, Decommissioning, Decontamination, Radiological Damage

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Review of Plant Decontamination Methods

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Remediation of Spent Oxalic Acid Nuclear Decontamination Solutions Using Ozone

Remediation of Spent Oxalic Acid Nuclear Decontamination Solutions Using Ozone

Effect of decontamination on aging processes and considerations for life extension

Evaluation of Radiological Effects on the Aptamers to Remove Ionic Radionuclides in the Liquid Radioactive Waste

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