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Counselor trainee ratings of supervisor expertness and competence did not differ as a function of either supervisor or trainee gender, but higher level ascribed expertness and competence were more favorably rated.

This research was an inquiry into the effects of interpretation in counseling. Through the use of videotaped, simulated counseling situations, the reactions of 50 fourth-grade, 10 tenth-grade, and 50 graduate school males toward the technique of interpretation were examined. The feelings of subjects toward interpretation were compared with their feelings toward the techniques of reflection, advice giving, and probing. A significant number of subjects of each educational level expressed negative feelings toward the use of interpretation. The implications of the use of interpretation in counseling are discussed.

As part of a multi-year career equity project designed to reduce gender bias in career exploration, 6,756 students of 71 Indiana middle and junior high schools responded to a questionnaire which assessed their beliefs about and expectations of anticipated educational accomplishments, future lifestyles, career decision-making, and perceptions of career opportunities open to men and women in today's society. Students also furnished demographic data and reacted to 20 occupations by indicating whether they believed they could do the work called for by an occupation, given the necessary education and/or training, and whether they would consider that kind of work as a career. Ten of the presented occupations had been traditionally dominated by males, with the other 10 traditionally dominated by females. It was possible to rank schools from 1 to 71 according to their students' responses.Ten schools were identified, five at each extreme. Five were characterized by students who responded they could perform most if not all of the occupations, and would consider most if not all of them as a career. At the other extreme were five schools characterized by students who responded they could perform none or only a small number of the occupations, and would consider few if any of them as a possible career.

Research on occupational sex-typing has yielded conflicting results. Some research (Krefting, Berger, & Wallace, 1978;Shinar, 1975) indicates that such stereotypes are firmly in place among men and women across various age groups, while other research indicates that occupational sex-typing may be diminishing. Shepard and Hess (1975) presented kindergarten, eighth-grade, college, and adult participants a list of 43 occupations, and asked whether each occupation should be undertaken by a man, a woman, or either a man or a woman. Results indicated a significant number of occupations, considered traditionally male or female, were marked "either" by all four groups. "Liberality," defined as the number of "either" choices, that is the occupation was appropriate for either a man or a woman, increased from kindergarten through college, but declined among adults.The studies above were delimited to attitudes toward occupations. Breakdown of occupational sex-typing may mean little unless accompanied by an increase in preference for nontraditional careers. Studies from which it was concluded there was a diminishing of occupational sex-typing have failed to demonstrate consistency between Leslie S. Evelo is Counselor and