The optimization of CM injection protocols is mandatory to achieve state-of the art CTA at low kilovolt and can reduce CM doses to patients.

Dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI is useful for diagnosis, treatment monitoring and follow‐up of prostate cancer. However, large differences have been reported in the parameter range of the transfer constant Ktrans, making longitudinal studies and comparison of DCE‐MRI findings between studies difficult. Large part of this inconsistency in Ktrans values can be attributed to problems with the accurate measurement of the arterial input function (AIF) from the magnitude signal (AIFMAGN). Phase‐based AIF measurements (AIFPHASE) have been proposed as a more robust alternative to AIFMAGN measurements. This study compares AIFPHASE with AIFs measured with DCE‐CT (AIFCT), and the corresponding Ktrans maps in 12 prostate cancer patients. The shape of AIFPHASE and AIFCT are similar, although differences in the peak height and peak width exist as a result of differences in injection protocol. No significant differences in Ktrans values were found between the DCE‐MRI and DCE‐CT exams, with median Ktrans values of 0.10 and 0.08 min−1 for healthy peripheral zone tissue and 0.44 and 0.36 min−1 for regions suspected of tumor respectively. Therefore, robust quantification of Ktrans values from DCE‐MRI exams in the cancerous prostate is feasible with the use of AIFPHASE. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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In 70 kVp CTA, 300 mg I/mL iodine concentrations showed to be superior to high-concentration CM when keeping the iodine delivery rate constant. Besides, iodine concentrations as low as 150 mg I/mL can be administered without compromising vascular enhancement. This opens up new possibilities in CM administration.

This TB-based CEP algorithm has no systematic errors in the timing and amplitude of predicted enhancements and is robust against coarser-time-sampled and incomplete TB scans.