Larvae of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) were exposed to Pb (4, 43, 430 μg Pb/g food dw) and Cd (4, 20, 40 μg Cd/g food dw) applied singly and in combination. Metal transfer of Pb and Cd was investigated from food to larvae and successive stages of G. mellonella and also to the pupal parasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Larvae/food concentration factors (CFs) were highest in controls (Cd 5.25, Pb 3.07) and ranged from 0.19 to 0.92 for Cd and from 0.18 to 0.83 for Pb in contaminated groups; in general, the CFs decreased with an increasing contamination level in food. G. mellonella eliminated most of its larval metal load before pupation (metal concentration in larvae >> pupae). Although pupae were only moderately contaminated (0.11–1.61 μg Cd/g dw), concentrations in P. turionellae ranged from 0.5 to 6.8 μg Cd/g dw. Again, CFs (parasitoid/pupa) decreased with enhanced levels of metal in the host pupae (Cd 3.07–14.05, Pb 0.0–2.47). The CFs calculated for both species were lower at combined contamination compared to single application. G. mellonella can be classified as a ‘deconcentrator’ (CF < 1) along with other lepidopteran species, whereas P. turionellae is apparently a ‘macroconcentrator’ (CF > 2).
The parasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hym., Ichneumonidae) was fed either with Cd, Pb, and Cd + Pb – contaminated food or water. Body concentrations of heavy metal and effects on lifetime and respiration were studied. Cadmium at a concentration of 33 μg per gram food or per ml water reduced life expectancy; whereas lead did such at 82 μg per ml water only. Differences were found between sexes and modes of contamination concerning body concentrations of Cd and Pb. Lead affected respiration only via water contamination; whereas cadmium did such also via food contamination. Ecological consequences of the observations are discussed.
Zusammenfassung
Einflüsse von Pb und Cd auf den Sauerstoffverbrauch und die Lebensdauer von Pimpla turionellae:
Pimpla turionellae L. (Hym., Ichneumonidae) wurde mit Blei (82 μg/g) und Cadmium (33 μg/g) bzw. deren Kombination über Futter oder Wasser belastet. Schwermetallgehalte sowie Auswirkungen auf Lebensdauer und Sauerstoffverbrauch wurden untersucht. Der Einfluß der Schwermetalle war nach Geschlecht bzw. nach Art der Kontamination verschieden. Cadmium wirkt schon bei geringen Konzentrationen verkürzend auf die Lebensdauer, Blei erst bei relativ hohen Konzentrationen. Bei Blei ergab sich eine Abnahme des Sauerstoffverbrauches nur bei Belastung über das Wasser, bei Cadmium hingegen bei beiden Kontaminationsarten. Überlegungen ökologischer Konsequenzen werden angestellt.
The parasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) was fed on Cd, Pb and Cd + Pb‐contaminated food (33 μg Cd, 82 μg Pb and 33 μg Cd + 82 μg Pb per gram food fresh weight, respectively). Significant decrease in the total lipid and protein content was found along with an increase in the water content particularly in Cd‐contaminated parasitoids.
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