Effects of lead and cadmium on chemical composition and total water content of the pupal parasitoid, <i>Pimpla turionellae</i>

Ortel, Johanna

doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01491.x

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The latter may be attributed to direct intoxication and high susceptibility or to an indirect consequence of enhanced dust impact, since hymenopteran parasitoids are known to be susceptible to dust (Finney & Fisher, 1964). Accordingly, a number of studies focused on the effects of metals, SO2, insecticides and the soluble organic fraction of particulate diesel emissions on adults of hymenopteran parasitoids (Ortel, 1991;Ortel & Vogel, 1989;Petters & Mettus, 1982;Powell et al, 1986;Petters et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of Cd and Pb in successive stages ofGalleria mellonellaand metal transfer to the pupal parasitoidPimpla turionellae

Ortel

1995

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Larvae of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) were exposed to Pb (4, 43, 430 μg Pb/g food dw) and Cd (4, 20, 40 μg Cd/g food dw) applied singly and in combination. Metal transfer of Pb and Cd was investigated from food to larvae and successive stages of G. mellonella and also to the pupal parasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Larvae/food concentration factors (CFs) were highest in controls (Cd 5.25, Pb 3.07) and ranged from 0.19 to 0.92 for Cd and from 0.18 to 0.83 for Pb in contaminated groups; in general, the CFs decreased with an increasing contamination level in food. G. mellonella eliminated most of its larval metal load before pupation (metal concentration in larvae >> pupae). Although pupae were only moderately contaminated (0.11–1.61 μg Cd/g dw), concentrations in P. turionellae ranged from 0.5 to 6.8 μg Cd/g dw. Again, CFs (parasitoid/pupa) decreased with enhanced levels of metal in the host pupae (Cd 3.07–14.05, Pb 0.0–2.47). The CFs calculated for both species were lower at combined contamination compared to single application. G. mellonella can be classified as a ‘deconcentrator’ (CF < 1) along with other lepidopteran species, whereas P. turionellae is apparently a ‘macroconcentrator’ (CF > 2).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of Cd and Pb in successive stages ofGalleria mellonellaand metal transfer to the pupal parasitoidPimpla turionellae

Ortel

1995

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Reduction in metabolic activity may have important implications across pollutants as even gaseous contaminants such as SO 2 pollution have been shown in nonparasitic Hymenoptera to reduce flight activity [55]. In a subsequent study, Ortel [46] examined P. turionellae and found that the percentage of total body protein was significantly lower for males when exposed to 33 ppm of Cd and that the percentages of lipids in adult males and females were also lower than levels detected in unexposed controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, P. turionellae females did not exhibit significant differences in life span or oxygen respiration rates at 82 ppm of Pb as compared to uncontam‐inated controls [45]. Also, percent protein and lipid content for P. turionellae at 82 ppm of Pb was not significantly different from controls [46]. For G. lipardis , there were no significant differences in the number of adults that emerged at 0 or 4 ppm or in developmental times from hosts contaminated with 0, 4, or 20 ppm of Pb [47].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of terrestrial pollutants on insect parasitoids

Butler

Beckage

Trumble

2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Parasitoids are important organisms in the regulation of insect herbivores in natural, urban, and agricultural ecosystems. The impact of pollutants acting on parasitoids has not been extensively reviewed. This prompted us to propose a falsifiable null hypothesis (pollutants have no effects on parasitoids) and two alternative hypotheses (pollution negatively or positively affects parasitoids) to assess in the available literature the effects of pollutants acting on parasitoids. We found 26 studies examining 39 biological systems that met our criteria for inclusion. Of these studies, 18 of the 39 biological systems (46.2%) supported the null hypothesis while 18 (46.2%) supported the first alternative hypothesis in which pollutants exhibited negative effects on parasitoids. Only a small percentage of the studies (7.6%, 3 of 39) supported the second alternative hypothesis suggesting that pollutants had positive effects on parasitoids. We provide a synthesis of the available data by pollution type, summarize trends for different pollutants, and suggest future areas of research.

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“…Biochemical changes in the hemolymph and tissue due to Cd exposure are well documented in marine invertebrates [8,[31][32][33][34], but comparable studies on terrestrial invertebrates are rare and mostly restricted to whole body composition [35,36]. Usually, the impairment of terrestrial invertebrates due to sublethal metal exposure has been documented with respect to oxygen consumption, gain in body weight, developmental rate, and similar vitality parameters [18,37,38].…”

Section: Metal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐supplemented diets alter carbohydrate levels in tissue and hemolymph of gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria Dispar, lymantriidae, lepidoptera)

Ortel

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Larvae of Lymantria dispar were exposed to two concentrations each of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn from hatching to day 3 of the fourth instar. The metals were applied via artificial diet (wheat germ diet); two control groups were reared on either an uncontaminated artificial diet (C) or on a natural diet (oak leaves, EF). High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to analyze the hemolymph carbohydrates, whereas body glycogen and glucose were determined enzymatically. The results were analyzed with respect to diet-specific differences (oak leaves versus wheat germ diet) and metal exposure compared with the uncontaminated artificial diet. Hemolymph trehalose levels were higher in oak leaf-reared individuals than in those fed on the wheat germ diet (p Ͻ 0.01), whereas the opposite applied to the body glycogen and free glucose levels (p Ͻ 0.01). The average trehalose value of the control (C) (4.3 mg/ ml) was reduced by metal contamination, dependent on both the metal itself and the concentration (Cd, Cu, Zn; 1.4-3.3 mg/ml). Sorbitol was not detected in the hemolymph of EF specimens, whereas it occurred in all artificial diet-fed groups. Metal-and dosedependent differences in the hemolymph sorbitol levels were observed in the treatment groups, but not in the controls. Glycogen content increased in the low concentration of Cd, Pb, and Cu, whereas a decrease was observed for the low Cd and both Zn concentrations. Tissue free glucose was enhanced only in three of the metal groups. Generally, fresh and dry weights of larvae were reduced in all groups except the high Cu-contaminated one. The results may indicate that mass outbreaks of an important forest pest insect like L. dispar may be facilitated in metal-contaminated areas because parasitization success of antagonistic species may decline due to deterioration of nourishment within the metal-stressed host.

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Effects of lead and cadmium on chemical composition and total water content of the pupal parasitoid, Pimpla turionellae

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Accumulation of Cd and Pb in successive stages ofGalleria mellonellaand metal transfer to the pupal parasitoidPimpla turionellae

Accumulation of Cd and Pb in successive stages ofGalleria mellonellaand metal transfer to the pupal parasitoidPimpla turionellae

Effects of terrestrial pollutants on insect parasitoids

Metal‐supplemented diets alter carbohydrate levels in tissue and hemolymph of gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria Dispar, lymantriidae, lepidoptera)

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