This manuscript describes the transfer and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a novel source of Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat. Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telomorph = Gibberella zeae (Schwein. Fr.) Petch] is an important disease of bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) worldwide. Wheat has limited resistance to FHB controlled by many loci and new sources of resistance are urgently needed. The perennial grass Elymus tsukushiensis thrives in the warm and humid regions of China and Japan and is immune to FHB. Here, we report the transfer and mapping of a major gene Fhb6 from E. tsukushiensis to wheat. Fhb6 was mapped to the subterminal region in the short arm of chromosome 1E(ts)#1S of E. tsukushiensis. Chromosome engineering was used to replace corresponding homoeologous region of chromosome 1AS of wheat with the Fhb6 associated chromatin derived from 1E(ts)#1S of E. tsukushiensis. Fhb6 appears to be new locus for wheat as previous studies have not detected any FHB resistance QTL in this chromosome region. Plant progenies homozygous for Fhb6 had a disease severity rating of 7 % compared to 35 % for the null progenies. Fhb6 has been tagged with molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding and pyramiding of resistance loci for effective control of FHB.
Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), is a destructive insect pest of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T. turgidum L.) worldwide. Although 32 genes conferring resistance to Hessian fly have been identified, only a few genes are still effective in North America. A highly effective gene is H21, transferred to wheat from Chaupon rye via a whole‐arm wheat‐rye translocation T2BS·2R#2L. This translocation also carries a gene for field resistance to powdery mildew. To broaden the use of T2BS·2R#2L in wheat improvement, we attempted to reduce the length of the rye segment by recombination with another wheat‐rye translocation T2BS·2BL‐2R#2L. Recombination data indicated that the H21 locus was linked to the telomere; the powdery mildew locus was closely linked to the translocation breakpoint in T2BS·2BL‐2R#2L. Recovered short‐segment rye translocation chromosomes confer resistance to Hessian fly; however, no crossover event in the desirable configuration was recovered to produce a short‐segment wheat‐rye translocation with both H21 and the powdery mildew resistance gene. The T2BS·2BL‐2R#2L recombinant chromosome was transferred to adapted winter and spring wheat cultivars.
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