Vildagliptin is likely to be a useful therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes based on the inhibition of DPP-4 and the subsequent increase in incretin hormones, GLP-1 and GIP, and the decrease in glucose and glucagon levels.

Vildagliptin is rapidly and well absorbed with an estimated absolute bioavailability of 85%. Two possible sites of absorption were identified, and the absorption rates were slower than the elimination rate, indicating a flip-flop phenomenon after oral dosing.

There was no significant difference in exposure to vildagliptin in patients with mild, moderate or severe hepatic impairment; therefore, no dose adjustment of vildagliptin is necessary in patients with hepatic impairment.

Aims Preliminary results indicate higher absorption of triclabendazole (TCBZ) administered postprandially. Therefore, the influence of food on the pharmacokinetics of TCBZ and its active sulphoxide (TCBZ-SO) and sulphone (TCBZ-SO2) metabolites was investigated. Methods Two single doses (10 mg kg −1 ) of TCBZ were administered to 20 patients with fascioliasis. Ten patients were first given the drug after a high energy breakfast and then, 48 h later, after an overnight fast. The other 10 patients first received the drug in fasting state and then, 48 h later, after breakfast. A low energy breakfast was served 2 h after drug administration for fasting state.Results Compared with the fasting state, an increased AUC and C max after food intake (significant, P<0 . Tolerability to the treatment among the patients was good. Conclusions The administration of triclabendazole with food is recommended for improved systemic availability in patients with fascioliasis or paragonimiasis.

• No clinically relevant changes in pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics were observed between young and elderly, male and female, or high body mass index (BMI) and low BMI subjects.• The results suggest that no dose modification is necessary for vildagliptin based on the age, gender, or BMI of a subject. AIMSTo evaluate the effect of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vildagliptin. METHODSForty healthy subjects received a single oral dose of 100 mg vildagliptin to assess the effects of age, gender, and BMI on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, reflected by the time course of inhibition of DPP-4 activity, of vildagliptin. RESULTSPeak concentration and exposure (AUC(0-•)) of vildagliptin were 17% (90% CI 2, 35%) and 31% (90% CI 18, 45%) higher in elderly vs. young subjects. Renal clearance was reduced by 32% (90% CI 17, 45%) in elderly subjects. The pharmacokinetics of vildagliptin were not significantly influenced by gender or BMI. Inhibition of DPP-4 activity was similar regardless of age, gender, or BMI.