Biodiesel is still expected to be an alternative fuel other than petroleum. Therefore, intensive research is being done by researchers in the world to develop biodiesel production process that is more efficient, economical and environmentally friendly. Among them is by developing a catalytic and non-catalytic process. The heterogeneous catalytic process is of particular concern with many promising results and is expected to address the current lack of homogeneous catalytic processes. In Indonesia, many natural catalyst sources have been investigated into potential heterogeneous catalyst. The non-catalytic process also provides a reasonably reliable process expectation of course with its various challenges. Both heterogeneous catalytic processes and non-catalytic processes are believed to be potential processes that can be applied in the near future. The development of the results and the challenges of these two processes, therefore, is reviewed in this work as an innovative biodiesel process technology research opportunity.AbstrakBiodiesel masih diharapkan menjadi bahan bakar alternatif selain dari minyak bumi. Oleh karenanya penelitian yang intensif tengah dilakukan para peneliti di dunia untuk mengembangkan proses produksi biodiesel yang lebih efisien, ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan. Diantaranya adalah dengan mengembangkan proses secara katalitik dan non-katalitik. Proses katalitik heterogen menjadi perhatian khusus dengan banyaknya hasil penelitian yang menjanjikan dan diharapkan dapat mengatasi kekurangan proses katalitik homogen saat ini. Di Indonesia berbagai sumber katalis alami telah diteliti untuk dijadikan katalis heterogen. Namun, proses non-katalitik juga memberikan harapan proses yang cukup bisa diandalkan tentu dengan berbagai tantangannya. Baik proses katalitik heterogen maupun proses non-katalitik diyakini sebagai proses potensial yang dapat diterapkan dalam waktu dekat ini. Oleh karena itu, perkembangan hasil dan berbagai tantangan dari kedua proses tersebut diulas dalam tinjauan ini sebagai peluang penelitian teknologi proses biodiesel yang inovatif.
Selain itu, JTEP juga telah terdaftar pada Crossref dan telah memiliki Digital Object Identifier (DOI) dan telah terindeks pada ISJD, IPI, Google Scholar dan DOAJ. JTEP terbit tiga kali setahun yaitu bulan April, Agustus dan Desember, dan mulai tahun ini berisi 15 naskah untuk setiap nomornya. Peningkatan jumlah naskah pada setiap nomornya ini dimaksudkan untuk mengurangi masa tunggu dengan tidak menurunkan kualitas naskah yang dipublikasikan. Jurnal berkala ilmiah ini berkiprah dalam pengembangan ilmu keteknikan untuk pertanian tropika dan lingkungan hayati. Jurnal ini diterbitkan dua kali setahun baik dalam edisi cetak maupun edisi online. Penulis makalah tidak dibatasi pada anggota PERTETA tetapi terbuka bagi masyarakat umum. Lingkup makalah, antara lain meliputi teknik sumberdaya lahan dan air, alat dan mesin budidaya pertanian, lingkungan dan bangunan pertanian, energi alternatif dan elektrifikasi, ergonomika dan elektronika pertanian, teknik pengolahan pangan dan hasil pertanian, manajemen dan sistem informasi pertanian. Makalah dikelompokkan dalam invited paper yang menyajikan isu aktual nasional dan internasional, review perkembangan penelitian, atau penerapan ilmu dan teknologi, technical paper hasil penelitian, penerapan, atau diseminasi, serta research methodology berkaitan pengembangan modul, metode, prosedur, program aplikasi, dan lain sebagainya. Penulisan naskah harus mengikuti panduan penulisan seperti tercantum pada website dan naskah dikirim secara elektronik (online submission) melalui http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jtep.
Abstract. Calophyllum inophyllum methyl esters have a low oxidation stability value (5-6 h) caused by high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), especially methyl linoleate. Partial hydrogenation was done to reduce the number of polyunsaturated FAME to transform them into mono-unsaturated. This was performed at 6 bar and 900 rpm with Pd/Al 2 O 3 solid catalyst in a reactor with a capacity of 1 liter. The research purpose was to learn the effects of reaction temperature (80; 100; 120°C) and time (1; 1.5; 2 h) on the FAME composition. The optimum condition of the experiment was obtained at 120°C for 1 h, with 15.47 h as the oxidation stability value, 17.8°C as the cloud point value, and 51.17 as the cetane number. Under this condition, the methyl linoleate content decreased by 59.89% w/w (from 21.869% to 8,770% w/w) and methyl linoleate hydrogenated into methyl elaidate. Meanwhile, the methyl linolenate content decreased by 85,37% w/w (from 0.205% to 0.030% w/w) and methyl linolenate hydrogenated into methyl linolelaidate. These results show that the research met the following standards: a minimum oxidation stability value of 10 h in accordance with the World Wide Fuel Charter (WWFC) 2009, a maximum cloud point value of 18°C and a minimum cetane number 51 in accordance with SNI 7182-2012. The physical properties values of the Calophyllum inophyllum methyl esters were predicted using the empirical equations.
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