The current review investigates the bioactivity of different glass interfaces created on thin glass cover slips as substrates. The interfaces studied are plain glass, functionalized glass using 0.5 M and 5 M of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for 24 hrs, and glass coated with bioactive 58S Bioglass (58S). A biomimetic method, involving the exposure of the three interfaces to 1.5 times simulated body fluid (SBF) tests the bioactivity of the interfaces via creation of layer of Hydroxyapatite (HA). Fluorinated SBF will precipitate fluorine doped HA (FHA) on a bioactive interface. Higher concentration of 1.5 times of SBF used in this study intended to accelerate the formation of HA and FHA layer over the substrate. HA and FHA is found to be precipitated on the thinly coated 58S. This paper, study also the thin film coatings of three forms of bioceramics - bioactive 58S, HA and FHA. The study, also proposes to draw a relation between the morphology of HA particles with duration of exposure to SBF, the effects of fluorine on the morphology and the cell interaction with bioactive 58S, HA and FHA interfaces using pre-differentiated osteoblastic MC3T3 cells. The analysis of cells in this study is confined to three parameters that include the attachment, proliferation and viability of cells. Tests employed for the analysis of the thin film coating of HA and FHA is restricted to qualitative X-Ray Diffraction and quantitative Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. Other mechanical tests such as shear test are not used to test the mechanical properties of this thin layer, due to the fact that the thin film is too thin for such analysis.
Red yeast rice (RYR) is made by fermenting the yeast Monascus purpureus over rice. It is a source of natural red food colorants, a food garnish and a traditional medication. Results of the current study demonstrated that polar fractions of the RYR preparations contained herbal-drug interaction activity, which if left unremoved, enhanced P-glycoprotein activity and inhibited the major drug metabolizing cytochromes P450, i,e, CYP 1A2, 2C9 and 3A4. The data from Caco-2 cell absorption and animal model studies further demonstrated that the pharmacokinetic modulation effect by RYR preparations containing the polar fractions (“untreated” preparation) was greater than that from RYR preparations with the polar fractions removed (“treated” preparation). The data indicates a potential for herb-drug interactions to be present in RYR commonly sold as nutritional supplements when the polar fractions are not removed and this should be taken into consideration when RYR is consumed with medications, including verapamil.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.