Zusammenfassung. Bruxismus, das Knirschen oder Pressen mit den Zähnen, ist in der Bevölkerung häufig. Stress, Angstsyndrome und genetische Disposition scheinen dominante Faktoren zu sein, die zu erhöhter Kaumuskelspannung führen. Es werden zwei zirkadiane Manifestationen unterschieden, der Schlaf- und der Wachbruxismus. Bruxismus stellt einen grossen Risikofaktor für Zahnhartsubstanz und Zahnersatz dar. Die Diagnose erfolgt mittels gezielter Anamnese und Untersuchung. Schlafbruxismus kann mittels Elektromyogramm und Videoaufzeichnung im Schlaflabor nachgewiesen werden. Die Behandlung zielt auf die Schonung der Zahnhartsubstanz und Erhaltung des Zahnersatzes mittels Okklusionsschienen ab. Entspannungsübungen können den Bruxismus vermindern. Spezialisierte Physiotherapie kann die Verspannungen, Schmerzen und Bewegungseinschränkungen verbessern. Botulinumtoxin-Behandlung vermindert die subjektiven Beschwerden während der Wirkungszeit.
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Chronic rhinitis (CR) and rhinosinusitis are prevalent conditions affecting people all over the world. Their exact relationship is still not fully understood. We sought to find out, whether CR is a risk factor for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and which main subgroup or other factors could be predisposing. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients with diagnosed CR between 2005 and 2010 were selected from the electronic medical record and were contacted by phone call. They were interviewed and screened for possible CRS using internationally approved questionnaires, e.g. NOSE-D and SNOT-20-GAV. Those with elevated scores were invited for a clinical examination. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 113 patients available for statistical analysis (48/65 = f/m), mean age of 52 ± 15 years, 13 patients were diagnosed with CRS. Extrapolated for the total cohort of 334, calculated prevalence was 9.5%. No statistical significantly higher probability of developing CRS for either main subgroup of CR was found. Age of onset, prior surgery of the nose, and use of topical nasal treatments were associated with the development of CRS in multivariate analyses (OR = 0.1, 3.2, and 3.2, respectively). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusions:</i></b> Only a small number of rhinitis patients developed CRS, questioning the paradigm of CR being a clear risk factor for CRS.
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