Infrared thermography is a working technology for over decades, which have been applied mainly in the buildings. We want to move this use to the animal production in order to help us to detect problems of energy efficiency in the facilities preventing, for example, the animal's welfare. In animal production it is necessary to provide a suitable microclimate according to age and production stage of the animals. This microclimate is achieved in the facilities through the environment modification artificially, providing an appropriate comfort for the animals. Many of the problems detected in farms are related to a poor environmental management and control. This is where infrared thermography becomes an essential diagnostic tool to detect failures in the facilities that will be related with health and performance of the animals. The use of this technology in energy audits for buildings, facilities, etc. is becoming more frequent, enabling the technician to easily detect and assess the temperature and energy losses, and it can be used as a support to draft reports and to transmit the situation to the owner in a visual format. In this way, both will be able to decide what improvements are required. Until now, there was not an appropriate technology with affordable prices and easy to manage enough in order to allow the use of the thermography like a routine tool for the diagnostic of these problems, but currently there are some solutions which are starting to appear on the market to meet the requirements needed by the industry.During the last years, competitiveness within the animal production sector, especially in pig-farming, has been severely compromised due to the huge increase in production costs, related to the costs of raw materials and low selling prices. This sector is rearranging and the first step of competitiveness will be achieved maintaining a strict control of productivity efficiency, together with high quality standards not only in sanity, but in animal welfare, control of emissions to the environment and food safety. The producers only have the ability to influence in their own business improving the efficiency and controlling the costs, in order to reach reasonable margins which let them keep on producing and earning money. Within the term "efficiency" can be differentiated two aspects deeply related: productive efficiency and energy efficiency. PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCYTalking about productive efficiency we mean to optimize the animals' production at a lower cost, maintaining comfort and welfare conditions. It should note several factors: genetics, nutrition, health, management, and environment among others. Many of the problems detected in pig farms are related to a poor environmental management and control. It is necessary to provide a suitable microclimate according to each age and production stage of the animals so they have a comfort zone suited to their needs and to their productive function that should satisfy. This is achieved artificially changing the elements of the environment through isolation...
BackgroundObesity is a condition characterized by a chronic state of low-grade inflammation due to increased cytokine production in visceral adipose tissue [1].Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Psoriatic Arthritis (PSA) are both autoimmune diseases that share comorbidities such as a high prevalence of obesity, a comorbidity that leads to a lower response to treatment with biologic drugs such as Anti-TNFs [2]. PSA has a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity to RA according to some recent studies [3]. Current research has shown that excess adiposity contributes to the development of cutaneous psoriasis in some patients and suggests that obesity may also be a key factor in the transition from cutaneous psoriasis to arthritis [4], however, it has not been proven the etiological role of obesity in RA [5].ObjectivesTo evaluate the waist circumference (WC) and the prevalence of obesity using the Body Mass Index (BMI) in a sample patients from the same hospital with a diagnosis of RA and PSA and to analyze the differences between both diseases.MethodsIt has been carried out an observational, retrospective, single center study. The population included in the study were patients from rheumatology clinic with a diagnosis of RA and PSA who were being treated with biological treatment. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, height (m), body mass (Kg) and WC (cm). The anthropometric variables were measured in the rheumatology nursing clinic. An anthropometric tape was used to measure the WC, taking the height of the navel as a reference in the patients. The BMI was calculated and the World Health Organization classification was used to categorize the patients. A descriptive analysis of the variables analyzed in the study was performed, including the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the continuous quantitative variables (BMI and WC). A one-factor ANOVA was performed to analyze the differences in the variables age, BMI, and WC between RA and PSA patients. Statistical significance was set a priori at p<0.05.ResultsIn this study a total of 245 RA and 122 PSA patients were included. The WC and BMI data of only 207 patients (121 with RA and 86 with PSA) were completed. The patients with PSA showed higher values of WC, observing significant differences with the patients with RA (103.66±15.05 cm vs 99.38±14.90 cm, p=0.04). However both patients with PSA and with RA showed WC measurements above the recommended values (74.41% vs 74.38%). Regarding BMI, patients with PSA had a higher mean BMI (31.29±6.37 cm vs 28.85±5.84 cm, p<0.043) than patients with RA.Table 1.Descriptive analysis.RAPSAN=20712186Age (Mean±SD)57,31±13,0156,03±10,74Sex26 men (21,5%)33 men(38,37%)95 women(78,5%)53 women (61,63%)BMI (Mean±SD; min-máx)28,85±5,84; 18,00-53,7831,29±6,37; 19,00-49,15WC (Mean±SD; min-máx)103.66±15.05; 100,44-106,8999.38±14.90; 96,70-102,06WC• Men ≥ 102 cm18 (69,23%)19 (57,57%)• Women ≥ 88 cm72 (75,78%)45 (84,90%)ConclusionIn the present study, patients with PSA showed stadistical differences and had higher values of WC and BMI compared to patients with RA, coinciding with recent studies. More studies are necesary to characterize obesity in patiens wih RA and PSA and treat it adequately.References[1]Moroni L, Farina#8232;N et al. Obesity and its role in the management of rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis. Clinical Rheumatology(2020)39:1039–1047[2]Lyn D. Ferguson et al. Association of central adiposity with psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study of the UK Biobank.Rheumatology 2019;58:2137 2142 doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kez192[3]Li B, Huang H. Discrepancy in Metabolic Syndrome between Psoriatic Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Direct Comparison of Two Cohorts in One Center. Rheumatol Therhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s40744-022-00502-4[4]Ramírez K, Azuaga-Piñango AB et al. Update on Cardiovascular Risk and Obesity in Psoriatic Arthritis. Article 742713. Oct 2021.[5]Ulrich H, Häupl T et al.The etiology of rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of Autoimmunity 110 (2020) 102400.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.