A compreensão do processo de expansão das atividades antrópicas, em bacias hidrográficas, se mostra fundamental nos dias atuais. No que tange ao problema da contaminação das águas subterrâneas, a análise do uso e cobertura do solo existente e das variáveis do meio físico podem auxiliar na compreensão e gestão desta problemática. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo elaborar a carta de potencial de contaminação de aquíferos por atividades humanas na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Meio (Leme, SP), abrangendo uma área de 246,81 km 2 na escala 1:50.000. A produção da carta englobou a análise do mapa de substrato geológico, a elaboração da carta de unidades aquíferas, da carta de declividades e de uso e cobertura do solo. Com o uso do software ArcGIS® e de uma metodologia de análise multicritério, chegou-se a uma classificação do potencial de contaminação envolvendo cinco classes (muito baixo, baixo, médio, alto e muito alto). No caso específico desta área, verificou-se que as classes de potencial médio (47,71%) e muito baixo (33,68%), foram mais representativas.
In recent decades, with the increasing global need for sustainable development, ecotourism has emerged as one of the most efficient activities that can be used to reconcile economic development with environmental conservation. A growing interest in the ecotourism and ecosystem services provided by landscapes makes such services increasingly necessary within municipal planning processes. This study aims to construct a geoenvironmental model based on geographic information systems (GISs) to spatially identify areas with greater capacity to promote ecotourism, with a practical case study of the city of Brotas, Brazil. The model can produce an integrated analysis of landscape components using geoenvironmental, topographic, and urban data. As a result, four zones were classified according to their ecotourism potential, with 81% of the overall local territory showing great potential, which not only reinforces the territory’s resilience regarding sustainable development, but also demonstrates that ecotourism should be included in discussions related to environmental planning in Brotas, as well as in other municipalities that have ecotourism potential.
Os padrões temporais de mudança de paisagens só serão revelados através da descrição dos processos que influenciam sua dinâmica. Diante da necessidade de determinar esses processos, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as dinâmicas de uso e cobertura do solo entre os anos de 1988 e 2016, observando os avanços ou retrocessos na conservação dos ecossistemas durante o período de estudo no município de Brotas-SP. O foco do procedimento metodológico foi a caracterização ambiental do município e a análise de uso e cobertura da terra na avaliação da paisagem utilizando imagens Landsat, relacionadas à área de estudo. Houve um crescimento nas áreas de vegetação natural com diminuição principalmente de áreas para atividades agrícolas. O fortalecimento de espaços dedicados à conservação ambiental deve ser uma premissa da administração municipal para a formulação, implementação e monitoramento de planos, programas e projetos de desenvolvimento urbano, adequando-se à realidade local e, assim, cumprindo seus objetivos.
Conserving tropical forests is crucial for the environment and future of our climate. Tropical rainforests worldwide, including the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA), offer exceptional ecosystem services. However, the disturbances that have been occurring more frequently within them are endangering their key role in tackling climate change. An alternative approach for preserving the intact forests that remain in the BLA is the delimitation of Indigenous Lands (ILs), which can, additionally, ensure the well-being of the traditional peoples inhabiting there. An increase in deforestation rates of the BLA in recent years, due to the weakening of the Brazilian environmental policy, is not confined to unprotected areas but is also occurring within ILs. Under this scenario, mining, not allowed in ILs, is a growing threat in these protected areas. Thus, using the freely available MapBiomas dataset, we have quantified for the first time the total mining area within ILs of the BLA from 1985 to 2020. Such activity jumped from 7.45 km2 in 1985 to 102.16 km2 in 2020, an alarming increase of 1271%. Three ILs (Kayapó, Mundurukú, and Yanomami) concentrated 95% of the mining activity within ILs in 2020 and, therefore, they require closer monitoring. Most of the mining in ILs in 2020 (99.5%) was related to gold extraction. A total of 25 of the 31 ILs of the BLA where mining activity was detected in at least one of 36 years analyzed (~81% of them) had a statistically significant increasing trend according to the Mann–Kendall test at 5%. The datasets used or cited in this study (MapBiomas, PRODES, and DETER) enable the monitoring of the current status of ILs, and the identification of emerging trends related to illegal activities. Therefore, they are critical tools for legal authorities.
Over the decades, hydropower complexes have been built in several hydrographic basins of Brazil including the Amazon region. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of these constructions on the environment and local communities. This work presents a land use and land cover change temporal analysis considering a 33-year period (1985–2018) in the direct influence zone of the Braço Norte Hydropower Complex, Brazilian Amazonia, using the Collection 4.1 level 3 of the freely available MapBiomas dataset. Additionally, we have assessed the Brazilian Amazon large-scale deforestation process acting as a land use and land cover change driver in the study area. Our findings show that the most impacted land cover was forest formation (from 414 km2 to 287 km2, a reduction of 69%), which primarily shifted into pasturelands (increase of 664%, from 40 km2 to 299 km2). The construction of the hydropower complex also triggered indirect impacts such as the presence of urban areas in 2018 and the consequent increased local demand for crops. Together with the ongoing large-scale Amazonian deforestation process, the construction of the complex has intensified changes in the study area as 56.42% of the pixels were changed between 1985 and 2018. This indicates the importance of accurate economic and environmental impact studies for assessing social and environmental consequences of future construction in this unique region. Our results reveal the need for adopting special policies to minimize the impact of these constructions, for example, the creation of Protected Areas and the definition of locally-adjusted parameters for the ecological-economic zoning considering environmental and social circumstances derived from the local actors that depend on the natural environment to subsist such as indigenous peoples, riverine population, and artisanal fishermen.
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