Miranda, H, Maia, MF, Paz, GA, de Souza, JAAA, Simão, R, Farias, DA, and Willardson, JM. Repetition performance and blood lactate responses adopting different recovery periods between training sessions in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3340-3347, 2018-The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different recovery periods (24, 48, and 72 hours) between repeated resistance training (RT) sessions for the upper-body muscles on repetition performance and blood lactate responses in trained men. Sixteen recreationally trained men (age: 26.1 ± 3.1 years; height: 179 ± 4.5 cm; body mass: 82.6 ± 4.0 kg, 4.5 ± 2.2 years of RT experience) participated in this study. Eight repetition maximum (8RM) loads were determined for the bench press (BP), 30° incline bench press (BP30), and 45° incline bench press (BP45) exercises. To assess the effects of different recovery periods between repeated training sessions, 3 protocols were performed in randomized order, including 24 hours (P24), 48 hours (P48), and 72 hours (P72). Each RT session consisted of performing 4 repetition maximum sets of the BP, BP30, and BP45 with 8RM loads and 2-minute rest intervals between sets. Blood lactate levels were measured presession (PRE), immediately postsession (POST), 3 minutes postsession (P3), and 5 minutes postsession (P5). For the P24 protocol, significant decreases in repetition performance were found between sessions for the BP, BP30, and BP45 exercises, respectively. When considering session 2 only, the total work (repetition × sets) was significantly higher under P48 and P72 compared with P24 for the BP30 and BP45 exercises. Blood lactate levels (i.e., POST, P3, and P5) significantly increased for session 2 under the P24 compared with the P48 and P72 protocols, respectively. Therefore, coaches and practitioners who need to accomplish a higher training volume for the upper-body muscles should adopt recovery periods longer than 24 hours between sessions that train the same or similar muscle groups.

de Souza, JAAA, Scudese, E, Paz, GA, Salerno, VP, Vigário, PdS, Miranda, H, and Willardson, JM. Acute hormone responses subsequent to agonist-antagonist paired set vs. traditional straight set resistance training. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The purpose of this study was to compare acute hormone responses and rating of perceived exertion (OMNI-Res) subsequent to the agonist-antagonist paired set (PS) vs. the traditional straight set (TS) resistance training method. Twelve recreationally trained men (25.7 ± 4.7 years, 173 ± 6.3 cm and 71.5 ± 6.6 kg) participated in the current study. After 10 repetition maximum (RM) load determination, each subject performed the following 2 experimental sessions in random order: TS session-3 sets of 10 repetitions at 85% of 10RM for the machine seated row and barbell bench press with 2-minute rest intervals between sets; and PS-3 sets of 10 repetitions with 85% of 10RM alternating machine seated row and barbell bench press for the total of 6 PSs with 2-minute rest intervals between sets. Total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), cortisol, TT/cortisol ratio, growth hormone (GH), and blood lactate concentrations were measured before workout and immediately after workout and 15 and 30 minutes after workout. The OMNI-RES was recorded at the end of each set for both exercises within each session. Under the TS session, TT significantly increased immediately post-workout vs. the pre-workout time point. For the PS session, TT significantly decreased at 30-minute post-workout vs. the immediate post-workout time point, whereas, FT significantly increased immediately post-workout and 15-minute post-workout vs. the pre-workout time point. For the TS session, GH significantly increased immediately post-workout, and at the 15- and 30-minute post-workout time points vs. the pre-workout time point, respectively. For the PS session, GH was significantly increased immediately post-workout vs. the pre-workout time point. Blood lactate significantly increased at all post-workout time points vs. the pre-workout time point under both sessions. The cortisol and TT/cortisol ratio showed no differences between sessions. In conclusion, from an acute standpoint, the TS approach showed a tendency to cause greater disruption in hormone levels, despite the lack of significant differences vs. the PS approach at all time points. However, both strategies may promote similar acute hormone responses.

No abstract

This study compared the in-water bilateral leg kick speed difference between a Paralympic and an Olympic athlete. The Paralympic (former S10) was not eligible after his reclassification in 2019, whereas the Olympic was a semi-finalist in 50 m freestyle in Rio 2016. Kick performance was assessed by a speedometer in one push-off ∼15 m maximal kick sprint. Ten complete cycles were analyzed, and the average speed of each leg in each cycle was calculated. Computerized planimetry assessed plantar feet areas. Differences between right and left feet areas were –22% and –2.1% for the Paralympic and Olympic, respectively. The left kick was slower in the Paralympic (p < 0.0001, ES: 2.35, very large), whereas no difference was found for the Olympic (p = 0.55, ES: 0.27, small). There is a substantial bilateral leg kick speed difference for the Paralympic, but not for the Olympic. The impact of Paralympic’s impairment on his kick performance considerably differs when using quantitative and qualitative assessments.

Objective: To investigate the effect of different exercise sequences during agonist---antagonist paired sets on training volume, ratings of perceived exertion, and muscle activation. Material and methods: Thirteen recreationally trained males participated in this study. Two protocols were adopted in two non-consecutive days. BS ---participants performed three repetition to failure sets (with 8 repetition maximum loads) of bench-press (BP) followed by seated row exercise in alternate manner. SB ---the seated row (SR) was performed before bench press. Two-minute rest interval was adopted between sets and exercises. The number of repetitions and electromyography signals of the posterior deltoids (PD), biceps brachii (BB), pectoralis major (PM), and triceps brachii (TB) muscles were recorded during both exercises. Results: No significant differences were noted in training volume (1486.6 ± 200.3; 1492 ± 282.5) and total work (22.3 ± 1.3; 22 ± 2) BS and SB sequences for BP, respectively. Higher training volume (1709.7 ± 177.6; 1424.4 ± 196) and total work (25.3 ± 1.8; 21 ± 1.6) were noted for SR under BS compared to SB. Higher PD activation was noted during SR under BS compared to SB. Conclusion: The exercise sequence showed significant differences in strength performance and agonist muscle activation during agonist---antagonist paired sets for SR exercise. These results suggest that antagonist pre-loading may have a potential effect on back muscles. © 2014 Consell Català de l'Esport. Documento descargado de http://www.apunts.org el 29/09/2015. Copia para uso personal, se prohíbe la transmisión de este documento por cualquier medio o formato. PALABRAS CLAVEEntrenamiento de fuerza; Desempeño de fuerza; Electromiografía Parámetros de rendimiento de fuerza mediante la adopción de diferentes secuencias de ejercicios durante series emparejadas agonista-antagonista ResumenObjetivo: Investigar el efecto de distintas secuencias de ejercicios de series emparejadas de los músculos agonistas/antagonistas sobre el volumen del entrenamiento, la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo y la activación muscular. Material y método: Trece deportistas de recreación, hombres, fueron voluntariamente sometidos a este estudio. Se aplicaron 2 protocolos en 2 días no consecutivos. Protocolo BR: los participantes realizaron 3 series de ejercicios de press de banca (PB) hasta el agotamiento (con carga de 8 repeticiones máximas) seguidas del ejercicio de remo sentado (RS), alternadamente. Protocolo RB: el remo sentado se realizó antes del PB. Se adoptó un intervalo de recuperación de 2 min. Entre repeticiones y ejercicios. Durante los 2 ejercicios se anotaron el número de repeticiones y la señal electromiográfica de los músculos deltoides posterior (DP), del bíceps braquial (BB), del pectoral mayor (PM) y del tríceps braquial (TB). Resultado: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el volumen de entrenamiento (1.486,6 ± 200,3; 1.492 ± 282,5) y del trabajo total (22,3 ± 1,3; 22 ± 2) entre las secuencias BR y RB, para PB, respectivament...