Testosterone and related compounds are the most recurrent doping substances. The steroid profile, consisting of the quantification of testosterone and its metabolites, has been described as the most significant biomarker to detect doping with pseudo-endogenous anabolic steroids. The steroidal module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) was launched by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in 2014. To assess the value of introducing the module to its anti-doping programme, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) decided to analyze retrospectively the steroid profile data of 4195 urine samples, collected from 879 male football players and analyzed in 12 WADA-accredited laboratories between 2008 and mid-2013. This study focused on the evaluation of T/E ratios. The coefficient of variation (CV) and the adaptive model were the two statistical models used to study the longitudinal follow-up. A CV of 46% was determined to be the maximal natural intra-individual variation of the T/E when the sequence consisted of single data points analyzed in different laboratories. The adaptive model showed some profiles with an atypical T/E sequence and also enabled an estimate of the prevalence of external factors impacting the T/E sequences. Despite the limitations of this retrospective study, it clearly showed that the longitudinal and individual follow-up of the T/E biomarker of the players is a good tool for target testing in football. UEFA has therefore decided to implement the steroidal module of the ABP from the start of the next European football season in September 2015. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley& Sons, Ltd.

The Portuguese case provides a unique opportunity to study the opposition's behaviour in a variety of political conditions. It offers an insight into the impact of the financial crisis on the opposition's behaviour in both majority and minority political settings. It allows the comparison of the opposition's relationship with a minority government, during which non-collaboration could have dramatic consequences, and also with a majority government, when such a choice does not have major political or policy implications. Moreover, it enables us to study the effect of an additional veto player (the so-called troika composed of the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund), which not only constrains both majority and opposition parties, but also gives political entrepreneurs a unique opportunity to push ahead with liberal measures -in this case, clearly in disagreement with the moderate and radical left programmes. Relying on quantitative data on the legislative behaviour of the parliamentary party groups in the period 1995-2012, and on qualitative process-tracking of the opposition's positions on key economic issues -such as the decision to vote against Prime Minister Sócrates' last austerity package after a series of approvals -this article aims to determine whether, and if yes how, the financial crisis has affected the behaviour of the Portuguese opposition parties in parliament, by examining and comparing their behaviour in hard and in normal times.

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Resumen: El fenómeno del liderazgo escolar, así como el de la inteligencia emocional, han despertado el interés de la comunidad científica y se ha traducido en una necesidad premiosa de comprender el impacto que puedan lograr en la vida de las escuelas. A partir de las características de la inteligencia emocional de los líderes de una organización escolar, este estudio de caso pretende describir las relaciones existentes entre la inteligencia emocional del liderazgo y la eficacia de ese mismo liderazgo escolar, según los parámetros y dominios definidos por la Inspección General de Educación en Portugal. Para alcanzar ese objetivo se recurrió a dos tipos de técnicas de recogida de datos, la pregunta por cuestionario y el análisis documental. Por un lado, la aplicación de cuestionarios de autodescripción posibilitó la caracterización de la inteligencia emocional de los sujetos encuestados. Por otro, el análisis documental nos permitió la exploración y descripción de relaciones entre aquellas características y la eficacia del liderazgo. Los resultados expresan la existencia de relaciones entre las diferentes dimensiones de la inteligencia emocional, la calidad de las relaciones interpersonales y la eficacia del liderazgo de los grupos escolares.Palabras clave: liderazgo escolar; inteligencia emocional; relaciones interpersonales. Abstract:The phenomena of school leadership and emotional intelligence have been object of increased interest and debate to scientific community, meaning a strong need to understand how they can affect school's performance. Regarding school leaders' emotional intelligence characteristics, this investigation attempts to establish further understandings on the degree of association concerning school leaders' emotional intelligence and school leaders' effectiveness, according to the Portuguese ministerial education inspection guidelines. In order to attain that goal two different types of data collection methods were used, questionnaires and document analysis. On one hand,

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