The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of temperature on the development of Schistosoma mansoni infections in Biomphalaria glabrata. The snails were infected at 15, 20, and 30 degrees C, and the cercarial release was analyzed after 30 and 60 days post-infection. Our results showed that a decrease in the temperature has a substantial influence on the development of S. mansoni infection in B. glabrata, with significant differences (p < 0.05) between 15 and 30 degrees C. These data could provide a better understanding of the epidemiological aspects of schistosomiasis.
This study aims to investigate the importance of the serum factors present in the plasma of resistant Biomphalaria tenagophila snails, when transferred to susceptible conspecific. Susceptible B. tenagophila (CF) received plasma from resistant B. tenagophila (Taim), and both were later infected with Schistosoma mansoni. We noticed that the plasma transfer showed an increase on the resistance of susceptible snails of about 86% when compared to the nonimmunized group (p < 0.001).Key words: Biomphalaria -Schistosoma mansoni -plasma Among the endogenous factors involved in snailtrematode interaction, the most important is in relation to the gastropods defense system. This system is different from the vertebrate immune system, as the lymphocytes, immunoglobulins specific antigen are lacking. Nevertheless, the differentiation between the "self" and the "not self" is kept (Bayne 1983). The defense system is made by cellular and humoral elements. The cellular defense system is operated by hemocytes (moving cells), which have phagocytic capacity. The humoral immunity is measured by lectins and opsonins, which are proteins synthesized by hemocytes with specific affinities with carbohydrates (Zelck et al. 1995). Bayne et al. (1980) showed the serum transfer effect of resistant Biomphalaria glabrata on the increase of phagocytic capacity of hemocytes from susceptible snails, demonstrative of interaction between plasmatic factors and the hemocytes during the encapsulation and phagocytic process, that occurred few hours after the miracidium penetration. Although the model B. glabrata/S. mansoni has been the object of several studies, the association B. tenagophila/S. mansoni is also a very interesting model because it shows absolute resistance of the snail to the parasite (Coelho et al. 2004). The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurred changes after plasma transference from resistant to susceptible B. tenagophila snails following infection with Schistosoma mansoni.All snails used came from Brazil. sically the same used by Granath and Yoshino (1984), with minor changes, briefly: all B. tenagophila Taim and Cabo Frio strains were anesthetized with sodic pentobarbitol (Nembutal®), 100 mg/2ml) (Martins-Sousa et al. 2001), for 6 h, to relax all the musculature. The plasma for the transference was collected from a hemolymph pool of five B. tenagophila -Taim snails. After centrifugation of 80 g for 10 min to remove all the hemocytes, it was diluted in sterile PBS in 1:2 proportion. The B. tenagophila -Cabo Frio were inoculated with 5 µl of the diluted serum in the cephalopodal region using a 25 µl Hamilton Microliter® syringe. The control groups B. tenagophila (Taim and Cabo Frio) received the same volume of sterile PBS. Twenty-four hours later, the three groups were individually infected with ten S. mansoni miracidia. Six hours later, the groups were replaced in separate aquariums with aeration by pumping and fed with lettuce ad libitum. All the groups were once a week analyzed concerning the cercarial release up to 60 days ...
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