ObjectiveTo measure the scattered radiation dose at different positions simulating hip
surgery.Materials and MethodsWe simulated fluoroscopy-assisted hip surgery in order to study the
distribution of scattered radiation in the operating room. To simulate the
patient, we used a anthropomorphic whole-body phantom, and we used an
X-ray-specific detector to quantify the radiation. Radiographs were obtained
with a mobile C-arm X-ray system in continuous scan mode, with the tube at
0º (configuration 1) or 90º (configuration 2). The operating parameters
employed (voltage, current, and exposure time) were determined by a
statistical analysis based on the observation of orthopedic surgical
procedures involving the hip.ResultsFor all measurements, higher exposures were observed in configuration 2. In
the measurements obtained as a function of height, the maximum dose rates
observed were 1.167 (± 0.023) µSv/s and 2.278 (± 0.023)
µSv/s in configurations 1 and 2, respectively, corresponding to the
chest level of health care professionals within the operating room. Proximal
to the patient, the maximum values were recorded in the position occupied by
the surgeon.ConclusionWe can conclude that, in the scenario under study, health care professionals
workers are exposed to low levels of radiation, and that those levels can be
reduced through the use of personal protective equipment.
Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world and is a silent disease characterized by low bone strength that results in an increased risk of fracture. The benefits of being physically active in advanced ages to reduce the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and improve functional capacities are well known. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a peripheral bone densitometry technique that is rapidly gaining in popularity for the assessment of skeletal status, along with fall risk assessment. This chapter consists of a brief review of the literature on osteoporosis and describes ongoing activities on bone density and fall risk prevention in Algarve, Portugal as part of EIP AHA´s action group on fall prevention with the presentation of a preliminary study. This study aimed to demonstrate that the postmenopausal female seniors who adhere to the recommendations for the regular program of physical activity after osteoporosis screening one year later show a slower decrease in BMD.
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