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This case-study conducted in Norway investigates employers’ responses to policy measures implemented throughout 2006–2015 and aimed at promoting the inclusion of persons with disabilities (PwDs) into mainstream employment by providing workplace adaptations. For this purpose, we apply a multi-method approach by combining in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with the managers at two large private companies in Norway and quantitative shift-share analysis performed on the Norwegian Disabled People LFS data. While the shift-share analysis has demonstrated positive effects in the employment of PwDs at the national level and in providing adaptations at work during 2011–2015 for ‘changes of working time’, ‘need for one or more adaptations’ and ‘changes of work tasks’, ‘physical adaptations’ remain negative. The qualitative interviews report that ‘flexibility’ or ‘changes of working time’ is the main workplace adaptation the managers at both companies provide to own employees who return to work after acquiring a disability or having a long-term illness. Both companies demonstrate high conformity to accessibility standards, however, the provision of workplace adaptations to PwDs without prior work experience remains limited or absent despite the disability policy measures in Norway in that period and the companies’ commitment to inclusion.

Successful development of effective real-time traffic management and information systems requires high quality traffic information in real-time. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of traffic and general mobility sensory technology and a suite of methods for data pre-processing and cleaning for real-time applications. We propose a suite of methods and techniques to be applied from traffic data acquisition, preprocessing, transformation and integration until data advanced processing and transfer. Next, we detail some techniques for data preprocessing and integration, or fusion, phases. Even though the comprehensive use of historical traffic data and assignment models to support the most part of online services and operations, real-time data is extremely important to promote models' accuracy and, therefore, the reliability of information and outputs derived from data fusion and processing. Together with techniques and theoretical formulas we present a case study applied to the Portuguese Brisa's A5 motorway, a 25 km inter-urban highway between Lisbon and Cascais. Traffic on this motorway heading to Lisbon in the morning rush hours typically experiences high levels of congestion. Brisa, the motorway operator company, has equipped A5 with a variety of traffic sensors to be used in a real-time multipurpose way, either for traffic management and control or for traveler information and third-part applications.

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This study uses quarterly time series for the period from 1995 to 2015 to assess the temporal causal link between tourism and economic growth based on the hypothesis according to which tourism development precedes economic growth. It adopts a disaggregated approach to study the effects of both domestic tourists and foreign tourists on economic growth. Seasonally adjusted tourist arrivals are used to represent tourism activity. This study employs time series cointegration methods that are capable of accommodating structural breaks. The results show that the Portuguese case supports the tourism-led growth hypothesis. There is evidence of a long run cointegration relationship between the real gross domestic product and arrivals at tourist's accommodation establishments of both domestic tourists and foreign tourists. Long run unidirectional Granger causality exists running from domestic tourists to real gross domestic product, but not vice versa. The findings indicate that domestic tourism promotes economic growth. The main policy implication is that policy makers should contribute to tourism development and encourage tourism opportunities in domestic markets by targeting not only foreign tourists, but also domestic tourists to ensure the longterm success and strategic planning of the tourism sector in Portugal.Keywords: Tourism-led growth hypothesis, tourists, cointegration and causality analysis, structural breaks, Portugal. ResumoEste estudo utiliza séries temporais e dados trimestrais para o período de 1995 a 2015 para avaliar a relação de causalidade de Granger entre o turismo e o crescimento económico. O estudo testa a Tourism Led Growth Hypothesis. A variável do turismo no modelo econométrico é desagregada em chegadas dos turistas nacionais e chegadas dos turistas estrangeiros. O estudo faz uma análise da cointegração e causalidade e os testes de raíz unitária têm em conta a possibilidade de existência de quebras estruturais nas séries temporais. A hipótese em questão é válida no caso Português. Existe uma relação de cointegração a longo prazo entre o produto interno bruto e as chegadas dos turistas nacionais e dos turistas estrangeiros em estabelecimentos de alojamento. Existe também uma relação de causalidade a longo prazo entre os turistas nacionais e o produto interno bruto. A mensagem principal deste estudo é salientar o papel dos turistas nacionais na promoção do sector do turismo e do crescimento económico em Portugal. Palavras-chave:Tourism Led Growth Hypothesis, turistas, análise da cointegração e causalidade, quebras estruturais, Portugal.