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Research on frames in climate change news coverage has advanced substantially over the past decade, but the emerging understanding of the framing role of visual imagery that often accompanies news texts remains fragmented. We report on a set of image frames identified through content analysis of 350 images associated with 200 news articles from 11 US newspaper and magazine sources from 1969 through late 2009. We reliably identified and quantified the occurrence of 118 image themes. We then hierarchically clustered the themes based on their cooccurrence in images to identify an integrated framework of 42 image frames. We highlight frames associated with particular types of images (e.g., photographs, maps) or geographic regions. From among the full set of frames, we identify 15 that commonly appear in US climate change news imagery and discuss the ways in which image frames make salient (or render invisible) particular categories of people, geographic regions, aspects of science, and spheres of activity.

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This chapter discusses the key principles of noncooperative game theory with the aid of several examples. To characterize a game, several items must be specified; for example, the players are the agents that make decisions. For a mathematical solution to a game, it is also important to make assumptions on the player's rationality, regarding questions such as: Will the players always pursue their best interests to fulfill their objectives? Will the players form coalitions? Will the players trust each other? The chapter proceeds by using the rope-pulling game to examine the motivation and implications of assuming a noncooperative vs. cooperative framework. It also considers the robust design problem and its formalization into a resistive circuit design game, a network routing game, and the Nash equilibrium before concluding with a practice exercise related to the network routing game, complete with solution.

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