O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar progênies de uma população base de pimenteiras (Capsicum annuum L.). Foram utilizadas 54 plantas de uma geração F2 de pimenteiras ornamentais, para se avaliarem os seguintes caracteres morfoagronômicos: altura da planta (AP), diâmetro da copa (DDC), altura da primeira bifurcação (APB), diâmetro do caule (DCL), comprimento da folha (CFL), largura da folha (LFL), comprimento da corola (CDC), comprimento de antera (CANT), comprimento do estilete (CES) e largura da pétala (LAP). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância, com posterior agrupamento das médias para o teste de Scott-Knott (p<0,01). Com exceção do CANT, verificaram-se diferenças significativas para os demais descritores, pelo Teste F. O DCL foi o descritor com maior herdabilidade (99,49%), seguido de DDC (96,14%) e APB (94,05%). O caractere DCL apresentou maior variabilidade entre as plantas, formando 13 classes, seguido de DDC, com oito e APB, com seis classes. Quando se utilizaram as técnicas multivariadas, foi possível agrupar as 54 plantas em oito grupos, sendo o grupo 1 o que reuniu maior número de plantas (35). A característica que mais contribuiu para a divergência genética foi o diâmetro do caule (68,97%), seguida pelo diâmetro da copa (9,22%), altura da primeira bifurcação (6,76%) e altura da planta (4,58%). Já as características de flor foram as que menos contribuíram para a variabilidade (10,47%). Houve variabilidade entre as plantas estudadas, sendo possível praticar seleção dentro dessa família, dando continuidade ao Programa de Melhoramento de Pimenteiras.
RESUMO.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da termoterapia no controle de fungos associados a sementes de cumaru (Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith) de duas localidades, após tratamento térmico e químico. A avaliação da sanidade foi realizada pelo método de incubação em papel filtro (Blotter Test) e a qualidade fisiológica das sementes pelos testes de germinação e condutividade elétrica. O tratamento térmico utilizado foi por imersão em água aquecida a 60°C por 0, 5, 10 e 20 min. e o tratamento químico foi feito com o fungicida Captan. Utilizaram-se 100 sementes por tratamento (dez sementes por placa de Petri), as quais foram incubadas, por sete dias, à temperatura de 22 ± 2ºC e fotoperíodo de 12h. A avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa (expressa em porcentagem) dos fungos associados às sementes foi realizada com auxílio de microscópio estereoscópico. Nas amostras examinadas, constatou-se apenas a incidência do fungo Aspergillus niger. Houve maior incidência de A. niger no lote da localidade Catolé do Rocha, Estado da Paraíba, sendo a incidência do fungo muito baixa na localidade Petrolina, Estado do Pernambuco. Os tratamentos que apresentaram melhor resultado foram o fungicida e a termoterapia por 20 min. Palavras-chave:Aspergillus niger, cumaru, tratamento de sementes.ABSTRACT. Health and physiological quality of Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith seeds subjected to thermotherapy and chemical treatment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of thermotherapy in the control of fungi associated with seeds of cumaru (Amburana cearensis A.C. Smith) from two localities, after thermal and chemical treatment. The health assessment was conducted by the method of incubation on paper filter (Blotter Test) and physiological quality seeds was determined by germination tests and electrical conductivity. The thermal treatment was used by immersion in water heated to 60 degrees for 5, 10 and 20 minutes. The chemical treatment was done with Captan fungicide. The study used 100 seeds per treatment (10 seeds per petri dish), which were incubated for seven days, at a temperature of 22 ± 2°C and 12-hour photoperiod. The qualitative and quantitative assessment (expressed in percentage) of the fungi associated with the seeds was done with the help of a stereoscope. In the examined samples, only the Aspergillus niger fungus was found. There was a higher incidence of A. niger in the lot from the town of Catolé Rocha, Paraíba State, with very low incidence of the fungus in the town Petrolina, Pernambuco State. The treatments with the best results were fungicide and thermotherapy for 20 minutes.Keywords: Aspergillus niger, cumaru, seed treatment. IntroduçãoO semi-árido nordestino apresenta grandes potencialidades econômicas de desenvolvimento sustentável, constituindo-se em bioma rico e diversificado, onde cerca de 30% da área da caatinga corre risco de desertificação pelos impactos antrópicos, em função da ocupação agrícola, urbana e, sobretudo, da pobreza acentuada de boa parte da população que busca sua fon...
Many environmental factors affect the post-production shelf life of potted ornamental plants. Exposure to ethylene can reduce the quality of many species, inducing flower, fruit and leaf abscission and senescence. The present study identified ethylene-resistant pepper genotypes during post-production shelf life testing. Potted plants of eleven pepper cultivars were transferred o a 90-L sealed container when they had 30% of ripe fruits and treated with 10 μL L-1 of ethylene for 48 hours. Number of leaves and fruits were counted at the beginning of ethylene exposure and after 48, 96 and 144 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replicates of individual pots. The cultivars showed varied rates of foliar and fruit abscission. ‘Peloteira’ showed higher resistance to ethylene, with foliar abscission of 19%, after 144 hours. For fruit abscission, the cultivars ‘Peloteira’, ‘Jalapeño’, ‘Stromboli ornamental’, ‘Malagueta’ and ‘Rocoto Vermelha’ presented a lower percentage of leaf drop, varying between 9 and 34%, after 144 hours of exposure to ethylene. This study showed that ornamental peppers have high genetic diversity regarding ethylene sensitivity.
Exposure to ethylene of ornamental plants is one of the factors that affect the life cycle post-production of these plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on the ethylene related responses of ten pepper cultivars of the genus Capsicum and one Solanum by simulating transport and commercialization. The cultivars were treated with PBZ at concentrations of 0, 5, 10 and 20 mg L-1 applied on the potted cultivation substrate. When the plants had 30% of ripe fruits, they were transferred to a 90 L sealed container and treated with 10 μL L-1 ethylene for 48 hours and then kept at room temperature. Percentages of leaf (LA) and fruit abscission (FA) the plants were recorded at every two days (48h, 96h and 144h). The design used was completely randomized, in an 11 x 4 factorial scheme. The PBZ did not completely inhibit the deleterious effects of exogenous ethylene on plants. However, the ‘Pérola Negra’ showed moderate sensitivity for leaf and fruit abscission, and the ‘Bode Vermelha’ for leaf abscission at a concentration of 10 mg L-1. PBZ prevented partially the abscission of fruits of the ‘Pirâmide Ornamental’ pepper at rates of 5 and 10 mg L-1, and ‘Tabasco’ pepper at a concentration of 10 mg L-1. In addition, cultivars showed darker foliage when treated with PBZ.
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