The state of Espírito Santo is the major producer of Coffea canephora in Brazil. Knowledge of genetic reserves is fundamental to plant breeding. Therefore, the present study characterized and analyzed the genetic diversity of 600 C. canephora accessions from the germplasm bank of Incaper based on 38 traits evaluated in 24-30-month-old plants. Further, the predominant descriptors or traits were identified, and high phenotypic variability was determined. Genetic distances for the grouped (Gower), quantitative, and qualitative datasets were 0.48, 0.61, and 0.92, respectively, with accessions 76 (Conilon) and 407 (Robusta) being the most divergent ones at Incaper. In clustering using the Tocher optimization method, 30 groups were formed, with three accessions introduced from Epamig's Robusta collection being the most dissimilar ones. Graphical dispersion analysis using the principal coordinate method revealed the predominance of three groups formed by the Robusta, Conilon, and hybrid Robusta × Conilon genotypes.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the speed effect of a coffee harvester and its interaction with 'Conilon' coffee (Coffea canephora) clones on the mechanical harvesting efficiency. The experiment was installed in São Mateus, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in 2012, with 27 clones of early, intermediate, and late fruit ripening. The first harvest was performed after the plant cuttings at 0.5 m above the ground, in 2016, and the canopy renovation. The plants and the harvester were evaluated in 2018. The coffee harvester was tested at 0.6 and 0.8 km h-1. Measurements were performed for stripping and harvesting efficiencies, fruit loss on the ground, unstripped fruit, defoliation with manual and mechanized harvesting, fruit removal force, and fruit ripening degree. The tests with the coffee harvester indicated a technical feasibility of 88% average harvesting efficiency, and a 15% lower defoliation than the manual harvesting. The harvesting speed of 0.8 km h-1 results in higher stripping and harvesting efficiencies, in a lower percentage of loss on the ground, and in less unstripped fruit, regardless of the evaluated clones. Fruit removal force and ripening degree influence the stripping and harvesting efficiencies and the percentage of unstripped fruit of 'Conilon' coffee.

This research aimed to select conilon coffee tree clones (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner) for agroforestry and/or intercropping systems. The experiment was carried out at Bananal do Norte Experimental Farm (20º45' S and 41º17' W), Espírito Santo, Brazil. The clones were evaluated in an agroforestry system with “urograndis” hybrid eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill × E. urophylla S.T.Blake) plus prata-type banana herbs (Musa spp.) and an intercropping with ‘Bahia’ sweet orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). An augmented block experiment design, with two plants per plot, four controls, in six blocks in the agroforestry system and four in the intercropping, was adopted. Thirteen morphophysiological characteristics were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using the restricted maximum likelihood method and best linear unbiased prediction and the significance of genetic effects by the likelihood ratio test. To select superior clones the Mulamba-Rank index was performed. Twenty clones were selected for the agroforestry and 20 for the intercropped system. The clones 16, 17, 35, 43, 48, 61, 64, 68 and T3 were the most promising for both systems. There is genetic variability to be explored among the clones, being possible the development of varieties, in the future, for agroforestry and intercropping systems.

Este trabalho objetiva selecionar clones de café conilon para colheita mecanizada. O estudo foi realizado em uma lavoura comercial no município de São Mateus. Os cafeeiros foram plantados em um espaçamento de 3,5 entre linhas de cultivo e 0,5 entre plantas. Foram avaliadas as características: Produtividade em sacas de 60kg beneficiadas por hectare (sc.ha-1); Desfolha em kg de massa foliar desprendida das parcelas após a colheita (kg.ha-1); porcentagem de plantas mortas por parcela (%). A colheita mecanizada foi por meio de uma colhedora de café da marca CaseIH modelo Coffee Express 200. Aplicou-se os modelos lineares mistos em blocos completos com 27 genótipos, duas repetições, duas colheitas, e dois ambientes. Estimaram-se os componentes de variância, valores genéticos preditos e os intervalos de confiança.  A diversidade genética dos clones foi analisada com base nos valores genéticos por meio da matriz de distâncias estatísticas de Mahalanobis seguido do agrupamento UPGMA e de Tocher Modificado. Não ocorreu interação dos genótipos com o ambiente. Os clones Tardio 9, Tardio 2, Intermediário 9, Precoce 6 e Tardio 3 apresentaram as maiores produtividades e baixa mortalidade de plantas. A maior distância estimada foi 37,56 entre os acessos Tardio 9 e Intermediário 7 e a menor foi 0,00 entre os acessos Tardio 1 e Precoce 6. O agrupamento de Tocher formou sete grupos nos quais os clones Tardio 9, Tardio 6, Precoce 2 e Intermediário 9 ficaram isolados.

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This study aimed to analyze the genetic variability of Coffea canephora population with 190 genotypes from cultivar 'ES8152', based on morphoagronomic characteristics and vegetation index, to identify the most important characteristics for genetic divergence and compare them with commercial clones. The experiment was installed, in 2019, at the Bananal do Norte Experimental Farm/INCAPER, Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, ES, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Federer's augmented block design with three blocks, four common treatments (commercial clones A1, LB1, V8 and V12) and 190 regular treatments, genotypes from the seed production field of the conilon coffee cultivar 'ES8152'. At 24 months of age 14 morphoagronomic characteristics and vegetation index were evaluated. Descriptive analysis of the data, the estimation of the Standardized Euclidean Distance (ED) followed by the grouping by the methods of Tocher, UPGMA and principal coordinates, in addition to the relative importance of the characters estimated by the Singh methodology were performed. The most distant genotypes were 62 and 83 (ED=2.620) and the closest were 42 and 160 (ED=0.208). Genotype 83 stood out as the most distant among the others. The optimization and hierarchical groupings allowed the identification of genotypes 15, 81, 107 and 184 as similar to commercial clones. The discard analysis of variables recommended the elimination of the vegetation index and average internode length of the next diversity analysis. Principal coordinate analysis found phenotypic similarity of the genotypes 30, 81, 115, 141 and 163 with the clone V12, of the genotype 119 with the clone A1 and genotype 17 with clone LB1. The study, of morphoagronomic characters, allowed to detection the genetic diversity existing in the materials evaluated, indicating those with phenotypic similarity with the commercial clones, being possible the early identification of promising genotypes, agronomically superior, to start a breeding program for clonal selection, recurrent selection and controlled crosses to maximize heterosis.

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Objetivou-se desenvolver curvas de crescimento para massa da matéria seca dos frutos em clones de Coffea canephora, selecionar o melhor modelo de regressão não linear, estimar a taxa de ganho de massa, analisar as diferenças no desenvolvimento dos frutos localizados nos terços inferior, médio e superior da copa do cafeeiro e gerar uma equação que descreva o processo. Foram realizadas onze coletas de dados, iniciando na fase chumbinho de nove clones com 30 plantas, sendo coletados 50 frutos em cada posição das copas dos cafeeiros. Para obtenção da massa da matéria seca os frutos foram secos em estufa com circulação de ar forçada a 65 °C até peso constante. Foram aplicados os modelos matemáticos Brody, Gompertz, Logístico, Mitscherlich e von Bertalanffy. A qualidade das equações foi avaliada por meio de oito parâmetros estatísticos e os intervalos de confiança de β1, β2 e β3 das regressões estimadas com base no perfil de verossimilhança. Após a seleção do melhor modelo realizou-se a estimativa das curvas de crescimento dos frutos considerando as três posições na copa do cafeeiro. Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas no software R. O modelo Logístico apresenta maior confiabilidade para descrever o acúmulo da massa da matéria seca nos frutos. Não ocorreram diferenças entre as posições na copa do cafeeiro. O parâmetro β3 pode ser utilizado como um indicador de precocidade para o Coffea canephora e orientar programas de melhoramento. Os clones 204, 407 e P1 proporcionaram curvas com maior qualidade com relação aos parâmetros avaliados.