Pulsed Doppler duplex sonography was performed on 58 patients in order to determine whether Doppler ratios of umbilical and uterine artery flow velocity waveforms vary with the site at which measurements are taken along their respective arterial beds. Umbilical artery ratios were significantly higher at the fetal end of the cord when compared to ratios at the placental cord insertion. In the maternal circulation, ratios from arcuate artery waveforms were lower than those obtained from A growing body of literature has assessed the role of umbilical and uterine artery Doppler ratios in the prediction of normal and abnormal pregnancy outcomes. 1 -6 Before an abnormal preg~ nancy can be identified, ratios found in normal pregnancy must be established and the sources of variation affecting the ratios determined. Possible sources of variation include differences in populations, equipment, technique, and methods of analysis. Preliminary studies have suggested that waveforms from umbilical arteries may differ at different locations along the umbilical cord?.S The goal of this investigation was to determine whether Doppler ratios of umbilical and uterine artery flow velocity waveforms vary with the site at which measurements are taken along their respective arterial beds.Received
MATERIALS AND METHODSThe patient population consisted of 58 patients attending the Prenatal Clinic at The Mount Sinai Medical Center who were referred for a dating ultrasound examination. Only patients who had no antepartum complications, who were greater than or equal to 20 weeks gestation, and who signed the informed consent approved by the hospital's institutional review board were included in the study.Pulsed Doppler duplex sonography was performed on an umbilical artery and the right uterine artery of each patient. The equipment used was an ACUSON 128 with dedicated software that enabled measurement of the peak systolic velocity (5), end-diastolic velocity (D), and mean velocity (mean) of the waveform.In order to determine whether the ratios differed according to location, umbilical artery waveforms were obtained at two sites: fetal, near the cord insertion into the fetal abdomen, and placental, near the insertion of the cord into the placenta. Uterine artery waveforms were also obtained at two locations: arcuate, defined as an arterial waveform obtained within the lateral wall of
A hemangiolymphangioma is a malformation of both lymphatic and blood vessels. A case of giant hemangiolymphangioma with extensive fetal involvement is presented and considerations in the antenatal diagnosis of this anomaly are discussed.
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