Prenatal sonographic assessment of the fetal thorax: Normal values

Chitkara, Usha; Rosenberg, Joanne; Chervenak, Frank A.; Berkowitz, Gertrud S.; Levine, Rebecca; Fagerstrom, Richard M.; Walker, Barbara; Berkowitz, Richard L.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(87)90112-8

Cited by 95 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] The studies were recorded on VHS videotape or DVD/optical disk by the pediatric cardiologist or obstetrician caring for the patient. The videotapes were then sent to the core fetal echocardiographic laboratory where the studies were read and quantified as recorded on the fetal echocardiographic data abstraction forms (by D.M.F.).…”

Section: Enrollment and Follow-up Visitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Cardiac Monitoring in Fetuses at Risk for Congenital Heart Block

et al. 2008

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Background-Anti-SSA/Ro-associated third-degree congenital heart block is irreversible, prompting a search for early markers and effective therapy. Methods and Results-One hundred twenty-seven pregnant women with anti-SSA/Ro antibodies were enrolled; 95 completed an evaluable course in 98 pregnancies. The protocol included fetal echocardiograms performed weekly from 16 to 26 weeks' gestation and biweekly from 26 to 34 weeks. PR intervals Ͼ150 ms were considered prolonged, consistent with first-degree block. Ninety-two fetuses had normal PR intervals. Neonatal lupus developed in 10 cases; 4 were neonatal lupus rash only. Three fetuses had third-degree block; none had a preceding abnormal PR interval, although in 2 fetuses Ͼ1 week elapsed between echocardiographic evaluations. Tricuspid regurgitation preceded third-degree block in 1 fetus, and an atrial echodensity preceded block in a second. Two fetuses had PR intervals Ͼ150 ms. Both were detected at or before 22 weeks, and each reversed within 1 week with 4 mg dexamethasone. The ECG of 1 additional newborn revealed a prolonged PR interval persistent at 3 years despite normal intervals throughout gestation. No first-degree block developed after a normal ECG at birth. Heart block occurred in 3 of 16 pregnancies (19%) in mothers with a previous child with congenital heart block and in 3 of 74 pregnancies (4%) in mothers without a previous child with congenital heart block or rash (Pϭ0.067). Conclusions-Prolongation of the PR interval was uncommon and did not precede more advanced block. There was a trend toward more congenital heart block in fetuses of women with previously affected offspring than those without previously affected offspring. Advanced block and cardiomyopathy can occur within 1 week of a normal echocardiogram without initial first-degree block. Echodensities and moderate/severe tricuspid regurgitation merit attention as early signs of injury. (Circulation. 2008;117:485-493.)

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Section: Enrollment and Follow-up Visitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Cardiac Monitoring in Fetuses at Risk for Congenital Heart Block

et al. 2008

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“…limbs length may be very useful in diagnosing foetal dwarfism, intrauterine growth restriction, limb malformations, microcephaly, determination of gestational age, archaeological dating as well as forensic applications [19,20]. With the use of ultrasound examinations of 576 women (16-40 gestation weeks), Chitkara [21] observed foetal thorax circumference variability and formed thorax circumference and thorax length nomogram. This parameter applicability in foetal age estimation has been proved by our own results as well e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Foetal Age on the Basis of the Selected Dimensions of the Thorax

Woźniak¹,

Kędzia²,

Dudek

2014

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Background. The correct definition of foetal age is a substantial problem in forensic medicine, gynaecology, obstetrics and anthropology. Objectives. The goal of the study was the mathematical assessment of the foetal age with the use of thorax selected dimensions. Material and Methods. The material consisted of 110 foetuses aged 4-7 months of foetal life, including 50 females in the CRL range: 80-233 mm. The following methods were incorporated: preparation, anthropological, image digital acquisition, Image J computer system measurements and statistical analysis. For each foetus the following sizes were taken: crump-rump length -CRL (v-tub), total body length -v-pl as well as brachial circumference -BC, thoracic circumference -TC and clavicular length -CLA. Results. Six monofunctional mathematical models were elaborated: Bertalanffy growth curve, three Gompertz function based models and two exponential models to assess examined parameters increase along with t age. Model no. 3 for Gompertz function revealed the biggest consistency with v-pl measurements for every determination ratio R 2 = 0.9944 for exponential model R 2 = 0.9917. Multiple regression analysis was used to elaborate mathematical formula to assess the foetal age (determination factor R 2 = 0.9997) with BC, TC parameters. Conclusions. Examined parameters BC and TC were found useful in foetal age assessment in the evaluated age range. Elaborated mathematical model can be applied in clinical practice e.g. in foetal age ultrasound determination (Adv Clin Exp Med 2014, 23, 5, 805-811).

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“…22). 25,26 This is a typical finding of most of the lethal skeletal dysplasia. These conditions are not lethal because the bones are abnormal, but the ribs are too short and, thus prevent the normal growth of the lungs.…”

Section: Assessment Of Spine and Thoraxmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fetal Skeletal System

Chaddha¹,

Kapoor²

2010

Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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The prevalence of skeletal dysplasias is between 1 and 2000, and 1 and 4000 live births. While here are over 200 skeletal dysplasias approximately four disorders comprise 70% of the total: Achondroplasia, thanatophoric dysplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta, and achondrogenesis. The appropriate identification of lethal skeletal dysplasia is important not only for current pregnancy management, but also for genetic counseling concerning future pregnancies. Detection of skeletal dysplasias is usually possible by prenatal ultrasound, an accurate specific diagnosis is possible by radiologic, pathologic and molecular genetic examination. A total body ultrasound approach should include assessment of the following: Limbs, long bones and extremities, bone mineralization, any joint contractures, joint dislocations, fetal calvarium, spine and thorax.

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Prenatal sonographic assessment of the fetal thorax: Normal values

Cited by 95 publications

References 10 publications

Utility of Cardiac Monitoring in Fetuses at Risk for Congenital Heart Block

Utility of Cardiac Monitoring in Fetuses at Risk for Congenital Heart Block

Assessment of Foetal Age on the Basis of the Selected Dimensions of the Thorax

Fetal Skeletal System

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