The aim of the study was to determine the quality and nutritional value of meat originating from pigs of polish native pure breeds -the puławska and Złotnicka spotted as well as the commercial four-breed crossbreds f1 (large white × polish landrace) × f1 (duroc × pietrain). physicochemical properties of meat were evaluated, such as acidity, water holding capacity, tenderness, and color parameters. in addition, functional properties of meat were determined: nutritional value, mineral content and fatty acid profile. the dietetic indices of meat were also determined. the smallest acidity of muscle tissue was characteristic of the meat of the puławska breed and the smallest meat drip loss was found in both native breeds (p≤0.01). this can confirm their greater technological suitability. the most tender was meat obtained from pigs of the puławska breed (36.07 n/cm 2 ). the darker color was characteristic of the pig meat of the Złotnicka spotted breed (l* = 49.19) (p≤0.01). meat of all three groups of the tested pigs had the quality characteristics related to normal meat. the highest content of protein was found in the Złotnicka spotted meat (25.23%) at optimum fat content (2.25%). the high content of ash (1.63%) recorded in the Złotnicka spotted meat meant higher content of macro and microelements, especially iron and zinc, as compared to meat of the four-breed crossbreds (p≤0.01). the highest amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (52.72%) was recorded in porcine meat of the puławska breed, while content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was the highest in meat of the four-breed crossbreds (16.77% vs. 9.32% and 15.19%) (p≤0.01). no differences were found between the groups tested for atherogenic index. in terms of most physicochemical and functional characteristics, meat of native pig breeds was superior to the meat of commercial pigs from mass-production. key words: pigs, native breeds, meat quality, nutritional value *This study was funded from statutory activity.
Hematophagous Diptera landing on a horse were removed by vacuum, and their numbers were related to a paired carbon dioxide-baited suction trap at three locations in southern California where West Nile virus activity was high during the preceding year. Insects collected from the horse included mosquitoes (nine species), biting midges (Culicoides sonorensis Wirth & Jones), and black flies (Simulium bivittatum Malloch). Mosquitoes were predominantly collected from the head, crest, withers, neck, chest, and shoulders of the horse, whereas biting midges and black flies were predominantly collected from the ventral midline of the horse. Culex erythrothorax Dyar was by far the most abundant mosquito species collected overall. Frequency of engorgement for mosquitoes captured from the horse ranged by species from zero to 58.3%, with Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say having the lowest value (16.7% or one of six mosquitoes) of species that fed on the horse. The number of insects captured at the horse and paired CO2-baited suction trap was not different for Anopheles franciscanus McCracken, Culex tarsalis Coquillett, and S. bivittatum. Cx. p. quinquefasciatus was captured in greater numbers in the CO2-baited suction trap, whereas Anopheles hermsi Barr & Guptavanji, Cx. erythrothorax, Culiseta inornata (Williston), and Culiseta particeps (Adams) were captured in greater numbers from the horse. The horse biting rate was very low for Cx. p. quinquefasciatus, intermediate for Cx. tarsalis, and very high for Cx. erythrothorax. Both Cx. tarsalis and Cx. erythrothorax should be considered likely epizootic vectors of West Nile virus to horses in rural southern California.
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