Academic engagement describes students' investment in academic learning and achievement and is an important indicator of students' adjustment to university life, particularly in the first year. A tridimensional conceptualization of academic engagement has been accepted (behavioral, emotional and cognitive dimensions). This paper tests the dimensionality, internal consistency reliability and invariance of the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) taking into consideration both gender and the scientific area of graduation. A sample of 908 Portuguese first-year university students was considered. Good evidence of reliability has been obtained with ordinal alpha and omega values. Confirmatory factor analysis substantiates the theoretical dimensionality proposed (second-order latent factor), internal consistency reliability evidence indicates good values and the results suggest measurement invariance across gender and the area of graduation. The present study enhances the role of the USEI regarding the lack of consensus on the dimensionality and constructs delimitation of academic engagement.
University program dropout is a problem that has important consequences not only for the student that leaves but also for the institution in which the withdrawal occurs. Therefore, higher education institutions must study the problem in greater depth to establish appropriate prevention measures in the future. However, most research papers currently focus primarily on the characteristics of students who leave university, rather than on those who choose to pursue alternative courses of study and therefore fail to take into account the different kinds of abandonment. The aim of this paper is to identify the different types of dropout to define their characteristics and propose some recommendations. Thus, an ex post facto study was carried out on a sample of 1,311 freshmen from a university in the north of Spain using data gathered using an ad-hoc designed questionnaire, applied by telephone or an online survey, and completed with data available in the university data warehouse. A descriptive analysis was performed to characterize the sample and identify five different groups, including 1. Students persisting in their initiated degree 2. Students who change of program (within the same university) 3. Students transferring to a different university 4. Students enrolling in non-higher-education studies 5. Students that quit studying. Also, data mining techniques (decision trees) were applied to classify the cases and generate predictive models to aid in the design of differentiated intervention strategies for each of the corresponding groups.
Research on academic expectations points to its multidimensionality, which is in line with the multiple experiences that students can have and develop in HE (Borghi,
O ingresso no Ensino Superior é um momento determinante na vida dos estudantes, caracterizado por inúmeras mudanças nas diferentes áreas de vida. Considerando a riqueza do contexto do Ensino Superior em termos de desafios e oportunidades que coloca aos estudantes, as primeiras semanas de frequência universitária são particularmente relevantes. Ainda que a maioria dos estudantes vivencie esta fase com entusiasmo e satisfação, alguns estudantes experienciam mais dificuldades na sua adaptação académica, o que pode contribuir para situações de insucesso académico e ponderação de abandono da formação. O presente artigo apresenta um estudo com 611 estudantes do primeiro ano do Ensino Superior de uma universidade pública do norte de Portugal, provenientes de cursos de diferentes áreas científicas. Através de uma análise de regressão hierárquica analisamos, num primeiro momento, o impacto das variáveis média acesso ao Ensino Superior, idade, sexo, situação de emprego, habilitações académicas da mãe e do pai, e, num segundo momento, o impacto das dificuldades na adaptação ao Ensino Superior, frequência do curso de primeira opção de escolha e universidade de primeira opção de escolha na intenção de abandonar de estudantes do primeiro ano do Ensino Superior. Os resultados sugerem impacto diverso das variáveis independentes, quando se considera a amostra geral de estudantes e estes agrupados por áreas científicas dos seus cursos. Com base nos resultados, sugerem-se formas de apoio institucional que permitam mitigar os riscos de insucesso e abandono dos estudantes do primeiro ano do Ensino Superior.
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