Imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) serve both as recyclable reaction media and as precatalysts for the N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed conjugate addition of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes to chalcones. The reaction produces a broad scope of 1,6-ketoesters incorporating an anti-diphenyl moiety in high yields and with high stereoselectivity. In recycling experiments, the IL can be reused up to five times with retained reactivity and selectivity. Moreover, the 1,6-ketoesters form self-assembled organogels in aliphatic hydrocarbons. The reaction protocol is robust, easily operated, scalable and highly functionalized compounds can be obtained from inexpensive and readily accessible starting materials.
Two polar hinges for cyclization of peptides have been developed, leading to bicyclic peptides and cyclized peptides with improved solubility and biological activity. Increasingly, we note that a good aqueous solubility of peptides is an absolute prerequisite, not only to allow handling and purification of our target peptides but also being crucial for biological activity characteristics. Compared to earlier hinges, the 1,1',1"-(1,3,5-triazinane-1,3,5-triyl)tris(2-bromoethanone) (TATB) and 2,4,6-tris(bromomethyl)-s-triazine (TBMT), each containing three nitrogen atoms are structurally similar but chemically very different. Both were accessible in a one-step fashion from bromoacetonitrile. TATB and TBMT are very suitable for the preparation of more soluble bicyclic peptides. Azide-modified TATB and TBMT derivatives provide hinges for the preparation of cyclized peptides for incorporation on scaffolds to afford protein mimics.
a potential localizing agent for melanoma, was prepared by isotopic exchange between 1231-iodide and the phosphate or sulphate of IAQ. Yields up to 96% were obtained. The total time for preparation is restricted to 30 minutes.
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