Pt-based nanocatalysts are universally applied in direct formic acid fuel cells. For Pt-based nanocatalysts, formic acid oxidation involves two pathways: dehydrogenation and dehydration. Dehydration, due to the production of CO, can poison the surface of the catalyst and thus reduce the catalytic efficiency. The tuning of the composition of Pt-based nanocrystals can effectively improve selectivity for dehydrogenation, especially for AuPt nanocrystals. However, it is still a challenge to tune the composition of AuPt nanocrystals in a nanometer size. Herein, we put forward a remarkably effortless technique for tailoring reaction pathways of formic acid oxidation by tuning the surface composition of AuPt nanocatalysts. Compared with the unmodified AuPt nanoparticles and commercial Pt/C nanocatalysts, the modified AuPt nanoparticles exhibit significantly enhanced catalytic properties. It shows a mass activity of 1.94 mA mg Pt −1 at 0.61 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, 19.4 times and 7.5 times higher than that of Pt/C nanocatalysts (0.1 mA mg Pt −1) and Pt-rich Au@Pt nanoparticles (0.26 mA mg Pt −1 ), respectively. Meanwhile, it also exhibits that the specific activity of modified AuPt nanoparticles is 7.89 mA cm −2 at 0.61 V, 46.4 times and 7.2 times higher than that of the Pt/C reference (0.17 mA cm −2 ) and Pt-rich Au@Pt nanoparticles (1.09 mA cm −2 ), respectively.

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Objective Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of pre‐existing neurological and/or psychiatric comorbidities (NPCs) and efficacy/safety outcomes for participants with versus without baseline NPCs in AMBER and EMERALD. Methods AMBER (treatment‐naïve population) and EMERALD (virologically suppressed population) were phase III randomized studies of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg. The primary objective of this post hoc analysis was to assess virological response (HIV‐1 RNA <50 copies/mL) at week 48 by intent‐to‐treat US Food and Drug Administration snapshot analysis comparing participants with and without baseline NPCs. Results Among participants in AMBER, 88/362 (24%) in the D/C/F/TAF arm and 99/363 (27%) in the control arm had baseline NPCs; in EMERALD, 294/763 (39%; D/C/F/TAF) and 166/378 (44%; control) participants had baseline NPCs. At baseline, psychiatric NPCs were more common than neurological NPCs in both studies; the most common of each type were depression and headache, respectively. High virological response rates were achieved with D/C/F/TAF across studies regardless of baseline NPCs at weeks 48 (range 86%–95%) and 96 (range 80%–91%). No participants in either study with a baseline NPC prematurely discontinued because of a study drug–related neurological or psychiatric adverse event. Conclusion D/C/F/TAF may be a suitable treatment option for individuals with HIV‐1 and NPCs.