To control the dust pollution caused
by the unloading of a multilevel
ore pass, numerical simulation and similar experiments were carried
out to study the airflow and dust migration influenced by the unloading
quantity and the continuous unloading at different time intervals
in the ore pass. From this research, the following conclusions are
drawn: when the first level of the ore pass is unloaded, the third
and fourth levels are the main dust-producing positions, and the concentrations
of dust in the breathing zone can reach 85 and 325 mg/m
3
, respectively. Increasing the unloading interval and reducing the
total single unloading quantity can prevent the superposition of dust
production. The foam dust removal technology can reduce the secondary
dust generation caused by the backlash of the airflow in the ore pass,
and the dust emission rate can reach 60% at the fourth level.
To solve the problem
of ore unloading dust in ore pass crosscuts, the atomization characteristics
of a new gas–water spray and the effect of the ore discharge
airflow on the spray effect were studied by experiments, and the installation
position of the spray nozzle in the crosscut was determined by numerical
simulation. The results show that when the gas–water flow ratio
is 100–150, the atomization effect is the best. In this situation,
the droplet size can be less than 28 μm. The impact airflow
induced by ore unloading has a great influence on the size of the
spray droplets, and the dust-collecting ability of the spray is negatively
correlated with the impinging airflow. The best location for the spray
is 5 m away from the wellhead. At this position, the impact airflow
is less than 1.5 m/s, which can ensure that the total dustfall rate
of the gas–water spray is 67% and that of the respiratory dust
is 34%.
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