Promoting farming work is crucial for sustainable economic development in Asian-Pacific rural areas. How to promote rural entrepreneurship has recently become a critical issue in agricultural education. This article reports the results of two subsequent studies. The first study confirmed the factor structures of the five-factor model of personality, the general self-efficacy scale, and the entrepreneurial intention scale. The second study tested the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention among agricultural students. The results indicate that entrepreneurial intention comprises two dimensions: conviction and preparation. Accordingly, the mediation model of self-efficacy is partially supported. Extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness reliably predict both conviction and preparation, whereas neuroticism does not. In addition to the indirect effects, both openness and negative emotion exert a direct effect on entrepreneurial intention in agricultural students.
Climate change and food security are critical topics in sustainable agricultural development. The climate-smart agriculture initiative proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has attracted international attention. Smart agriculture (SA) has since been recognized as an influential trend contributing to agricultural development. Therefore, encouraging farmers to adopt digital technologies and mobile devices in farming practices has become a policy priority worldwide. However, the literature on the psychological factors driving farmers’ intentions to adopt SA technologies remains limited. This study investigated how farmers’ knowledge and attitudes regarding SA affect their adoption of smart technologies in Taiwan. A total of 321 farmers participated in a survey in 2017 and 2018, and the data were used to construct an ordinary least squares regression model of SA adoption. This study provides a preliminary understanding of the relationship between psychological factors and innovation adoption of SA technologies in a small-scale farming economic context. The findings suggest that policymakers and research and development institutes should concentrate on improving market access to established and critical SA technologies.
This study examined the relationship between the changes of physical fitness across the 3-year spectrum of senior high school study and academic performance measured by standardized tests in Taiwan. A unique dataset of 149 240 university-bound senior high school students from 2009 to 2011 was constructed by merging two nationwide administrative datasets of physical fitness test performance and the university entrance exam scores. Hierarchical linear regression models were used. All regressions included controls for students' baseline physical fitness status, changes of physical fitness performance over time, age and family economic status. Some notable findings were revealed. An increase of 1 SD on students' overall physical fitness from the first to third school year is associated with an increase in the university entrance exam scores by 0.007 and 0.010 SD for male and female students, respectively. An increase of 1 SD on anaerobic power (flexibility) from the first to third school year is positively associated with an increase in the university entrance exam scores by 0.018 (0.010) SD among female students. We suggest that education and school health policymakers should consider and design policies to improve physical fitness as part of their overall strategy of improving academic performance.
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