Objectives: Deficit in visuospatial functions can influence both simple and complex daily life activities. Despite the fact that visuospatial deficit was reported in schizophrenia, research on visuospatial functions as an independent entity is limited. Our study aims to elucidate the impact of visuospatial deficit in comparison with verbal deficit on global functioning and quality of life in the first psychotic episode of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (FES). The significance of clinical symptoms and antipsychotic medication was also studied.Methods: Thirty-six FES patients and a matched group of healthy controls (HC group) were assessed with a neuropsychological battery focused on visuospatial (VIS) and verbal (VERB) functions. Using multiple regression analysis, we evaluated the cumulative effect of VERB and VIS functions, psychiatric symptoms (PANSS) and antipsychotic medication on global functioning (GAF) and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) in the FES group.Results: The FES group demonstrated significant impairment both in VIS and VERB cognitive abilities compared to the HC group. Antipsychotic medication did not significantly affect either VIS or VERB functioning. PANSS was not related to cognitive functioning, apart from the Trail Making Test B. In the FES group, the GAF score was significantly affected by the severity of positive symptoms and VERB functioning, explaining together 60% of GAF variability. The severity of negative and positive symptoms affected only the Physical health domain of WHOQOL-BREF. The degree of VERB deficit was associated with both Physical and Psychological health. Although we did not find any relation between VIS functioning, GAF, and WHOQOL-BREF, a paradoxical finding emerged in the Environment quality domain, where a worse quality of the environment was associated with better VIS functioning.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the deficit in VIS functions is an integral part of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, rather than a side effect of symptomatology or antipsychotic medication. Moreover, VERB functioning was a better predictor of GAF and WHOQOL-BREF than VIS functioning. Given the findings of negative or missing effect of VIS deficit on WHOQOL-BREF and GAF, the accuracy of these measures in evaluating the impact of global cognitive deficit on everyday life in schizophrenia could be questioned.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death in many developed countries as well as developing countries. Health support and preventative activities are significant in health care as well as nursing. The main goal was to map the contemporary state of the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in people at the age of 40 and older. We aimed to find the level of the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the largest drawbacks from the people's point of view, and the people's ideas on how to increase the effectiveness of such prevention. The goal of this study was to verify the Czech version of the shortened version of the SF-36 questionnaire. We used a quantitative methodology with questionnaires. In one part, we used the RAND 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36) standardized questionnaire, which is used for finding out the quality of life regarding health. The Czech version of this questionnaire was verified in 2016 using 1,992 people at the age of 40 and older. Czech citizens at the age of 40 and older best assessed the social domain. Their quality of life is at a high level regarding the emotional domain (low level of emotional problems). On the contrary, vitality (energy/fatigue) and total health had worse assessments. The differences between men and women regarding individual domains are minimal. With age, the quality of life in this area is lower. The Czech version of the Short Form-36 questionnaire is used a lot in the Czech Republic. It was validated when it was used in our sample group. The research provided the primary data that allowed statistical calculations and the application of testing criteria so that it was possible to create the norms of this questionnaire that could be applied in the Czech Republic.

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Testing the physical fitness of patients with chronic renal failure and beneficial effects of regular physical activity on the adjustment of their general functional condition and quality of life is frequently dealt with in the foreign literature. This theme has still been only sparingly discussed in the Czech Republic.The target of our work was to evaluate the effect of a 6-month application of a controlled movement activity in the course of the haemodialysis on the health-related quality of life HRQOL.The sample group included 44 haemodialysis patients (average age = 66.5 ± 14.3 years). The assessment of the quality of life in relationship to the interventional movement programme was implemented at two stages as input and output examinations with the use of standardized questionnaires WHOQOL-BREF and SF-36.The evaluation of the HRQOL with the help of SF-36 before the intervention demonstrated that the patients monitored agreed with the population standard in the evaluation of only one area -EWB "emotional wellbeing (mental health)" only. In the other dimensions considered, the quality of life was considerably lower. After experiencing the interventional movements, the evaluation of the QoL was slightly, statistically not significantly, increased. The HRQOL before the intervention evaluated with the help of the WHOQOL-BREF was considerably lower compared to the population average in the domain physical health. The other domains evaluated achieved the lower limit of normal values or were comparable to it. After the application of the interventional movements, we observed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.02) in the evaluation of the quality of life in the domain "mental health" compared with the all-state average. In other dimensions, the evaluation of the quality of life was slightly increased, but the difference in average values has never been statistically significant.The movement activity of a certain volume and intensity is a suitable tool for affecting the quality of life of haemodialysis patients and it should be a supplementing part of the nonpharmacological component of the complex treatment. Key words: haemodialysis -physical activity -quality of life SouhrnTestování fyzické zdatnosti pacientů s chronickým selháním ledvin a příznivý vliv pravidelné fyzické aktivity na úpravu jejich celkového funkčního stavu a kvality života je probíráno převážně v zahraniční literatuře. V České republice je toto téma stále málo diskutované.Naším cílem bylo vyhodnotit vliv 6měsíční aplikace řízené pohybové aktivity v průběhu dialýzy na kvalitu života podmíněnou zdravím -HRQOL.Sledovaný soubor tvořilo 44 hemodialyzovaných pacientů (průměrný věk = 66,5 ± 14,3 let). Hodnocení kvality života ve vztahu k intervenčnímu pohybovému programu probíhalo ve dvou fázích jako vstupní a výstupní šetření s použitím standardizovaných dotazníků WHOQOL-BREF a SF -36.