Aim: This study aimed to investigate the bioactive constituents from methanolic extract of Terminalia coriacea leaves using gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Materials and Methods: The methanolic extract obtained was subjected to GC-MS for the determination of bioactive volatile compounds. GC-MS analysis was carried out using 6890 GC with 5973 I MSD column. Results and Discussion: The GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extract revealed the presence of 14 bioactive compounds with valuable biological activities. The major chemical constituents are 1H-inden-1-one,2,3-dihydro-3,3,5,6,-tetramethyl; levoglucosan; neophytadiene; phytol; hexadecanoic acid; n-hexadecanoic acid; stigmasterol; β-sitosterol; raffinose; 1,2-benzenedi carboxylic acid; undecanoic acid; (2 propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl) acetic acid; 2,2 dimethyl propane, and octadecatrienoic acid. Conclusion:The presence of various bioactive compounds in T. coriacea proved the pharmaceutical importance. It can be concluded that the plant investigation has opened up a new perspective in pharmaceutical research, and plants can be used for the development of potential, novel antioxidant agents for the treatment of many diseases.
Climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) harnesses the intrinsic roots of agricultural and oxen production systems to generate increased long-term yields and farm income through sustainability. This review paper aims to draw attention to climate-resilient farming practices for medicinal plants and other cereal crops. There are several techniques and strategies that can be used to adapt to climate change, including yield-tolerant strains in poultry and cattle, Feed administration, irrigation, Agro-consulting and clay organic carbon. Governmental climate change adaptation programs such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY), the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), the Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) continue to be implemented. Agriculture in India offers a living for the bulk of the populace and should never be disregarded. Increased demand for quantity, healthful food and diversity, as well as globalization effects and rising median income, would be revealed by India's growing population, globalization effects and increasing median income. Nutrient deficiencies in Indian soils, Imbalanced fertilizer application and Lack of Nitrogen-fixing crops have all caused significant climatic stress in India and the rest of the world. Various programs and policies, such as the Soil Health (Vitality) Card Scheme, are in place to improve fertilizer use efficiency. This cultivation practice pays attention to maintaining the environmental balance and bio-dynamization of agricultural systems so that ethical yield can be obtained.
According to the World Health Organization, chronic liver diseases account for approximately 46% of all diseases and 59% of all deaths worldwide. It is critical to look for hepatoprotective crucial findings because they are important for human health. The aim of this study was to compare the hepatoprotective activity of six medicinal plants based on biochemical reduction on the animal study. The increased levels of ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and cholesterol in the blood have been marked to the damaged structural virtue of the liver. When the plant extract was given to rats after they were administered a hepatotoxicant and the level of marker enzymes was discovered to be lower than normal, it meant that the particular dose of the plant extract was considerably supporting the hepatoprotective action. The comparative study of hepatoprotective efficacy of six medicinal plants was determined by a biostatistical analysis of data received from an animal investigation. The Terminalia coriacea and Artocarpus hirsutus at 250 and 500mg/kg respectively revealed that the *P<0.05; **P< 0.01; ***P<0.001; when compared to the CCl4 group. The Cucumis melo revealed P<0.05 and P<0.01 as compared with the liver-damaged control to the drug-treated animal at doses of 100, 250, and 500mg/kg. Buchanania lanzan revealed significant at P<0.05*, 0.01** and 0.001*** at 100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg for aqueous and alcoholic extract both. The Diospyros melanoxylon (Roxb) and Solanum americanum Mill at doses 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg and 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg respectively. The T. coriacea and A. hirsutus revealed a 5%, 1%, and less than 1% chance of false-positive, which is statistically significant at all levels.
<p>The objective of the present work was investigating the preliminary phytochemical screening and hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of the leaves of <em>Artocarpus hirsutus</em>.<strong></strong></p><p>Group I served as vehicle control, Group II served CCL<sub>4 </sub>(2ml/kg, s.c.), Group III served as standard Silymarin (50 mg/kg, p.o.) Group IV and V served as methanolic extracts of <em>Artocarpus hirsutus</em><strong> </strong>(MEAH) at the dose level (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.). The degree of protection was determined by measuring level biochemical marker like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin, total bilirubin and Cholesterol. The histopathology study also showed the hepatic protection of extracts. The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed to find out the phytoconstituents responsible for the activity.<strong></strong></p><p>The marker biochemical level such as ALT, AST, ALP, Direct bilirubin, Total bilirubin and Cholesterol were significantly raised in CCL<sub>4 </sub>treated rats when compared with the normal group (p<0.05), but the MEAH (500 mg/kg, bw) treated rats exhibited maximum depletion. The histopathology study also showed the hepatic protection of extracts. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, Tannins, triterpenoids, carbohydrates and steroids.</p><p>The results of <em>in vivo</em> hepatoprotective activity showed that the methanol extract of <em>Artocarpus hirsutus</em><strong> </strong>exhibit significant hepatoprotective activity. This might be due to flavonoids and tannins; which was confirmed their presence in phytochemical tests. </p>
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