during winter season of 2016-17 to study performance in and outside of poly-house to find out the most suitable and best cultivar, environment and interactions for growth, yield and quality of tomato fruits. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (R.B.D.) with three replications. Each replication consisted of eight treatment combinations viz., two tomato cultivars i.e., Pant Poly-house Tomato-2 (V1) and Pant Poly-house Hybrid Tomato -1 (V2), four environments (viz., E4-poly-house + spray of 2, 4-D), E3 (open + spray of 2, 4-D ), E2 (poly-house without spray) and E1 (open field without spray). Foliar spray of 2, 4-D @ 5 ppm concentration was applied as whole plant spray at 30, 45 and 60 days after transplanting of tomato seedlings. Results of investigation revealed that the cultivar V1 produced highest fruit yield which was 12.13% higher over V2. Among the environmental treatments, E4 produced 66.39, 78.64 271.39% higher fruit yield over treatment E3, E2, E1, respectively. Among the interactions, treatment V1E4 performed better for 10 characters whereas, V2E4 & V2E3 were better for 3 characters, and treatment V1E2 only for one character as compared to rest of the interactions. The treatment V1E4 gave 37.75% higher fruit yield than V2E4 and 84.44% over treatment V2E3 and 119.67% over V1E2.On the other hand, V2E4 produced 42.09% higher over V2E2 and 266.52% higher fruit yield over V2E1.Treatment V2E4 gave 33.89% higher over V2E3.
In India, zinc is considered as the fourth important yield limiting nutrient after nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and it is essential for increasing crop production and enhancing animal and human health. To address these challenges, zinc fertilizations (basal & foliar) are practised for enhancing the soil health and crop productivity. The two years (2020-21 & 2021-22) on farm trial established at farmers field of district Saran, Bihar with the aim to compare the methods of zinc fertilization on plant available nutrients and crop productivity. An on farm trial was laid out in randomised block design involved seven replication of three different treatments viz., T1: NPK- 130:40:20 kg ha-1 (Farmer’s Practice), T2: RDF (NPK-120:60:40 kg ha-1 + Zn @ 5.0 kg ha-1 and T3: RDF (NPK-120:60:40 kg ha-1) + foliar spray of 0.5% ZnSO4 at 25 DAT. The pooled results of two years trial revealed that basal application of RDF-NPK and Zn (T2) significantly improved the soil organic carbon by 16.22%, plant available N by 11.96%, plant available P by 15.32%, plant available K by 10.99% and plant available Zn by 24.00% as compared to farmers practice. The crop productivity was also improved by 24.22% and 14.43% in treatment having basal application of Zn (T2) and foliar application of Zn (T3), respectively over farmers practice (T1). A positive polynomial relationship was obtained between soil organic carbon and plant available zinc due to soluble complexes form by zinc with soil organic matter. Thus, the basal fertilization method of zinc @ 5.0 kg ha-1 along with RDF-NPK is potentially recommended over foliar method and farmer practices to semi arid region of Bihar.
Field study on the Effect of Plant Growth Regulator on Growth and Yield of Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo L. Var. Pattypan) was conducted during 2017 (summer season). Ten treatments of plant growth regulator consist of T1 Control; T2 Ethrel 150 ppm; T3 Ethrel 200 ppm; T4 Ethrel @ 250 ppm; T5 Gibberellic acid (GA3) @ 25 ppm; T6 Gibberellic acid (GA3) @ 50 ppm; T7 Gibberellic acid (GA3) @ 75 ppm; T8 Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) @ 50 ppm; T9 Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) @ 100 ppm; T10 Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) @ 150 ppm were tried in Randomized Complete Block Design having three replications. Results revealed that the maximum number of male flowers per plant (13.63) was found under T5 that was closely followed by T4, T7, T3 and the lowest number of male flowers per plant (7.06) in T9. In contrast, the maximum number of female flowers per plant (7.86) was found under T9 while the lowest number of female flowers per plant (4.76) was found under T7.The lowest sex ratio (1.26) was observed with T9, while the highest sex ratio (2.43) was observed with T6.The maximum fruit set percent (71.58) were found under T8 that was statistically identical by T10: Naphthalene acetic acid 150 ppm while the minimum fruit set (49.02) were found under T2. Different plant growth regulators showed a statistically significant variation on number of fruits per plant. The maximum (6.03) fruits per plant in number were recorded under T9 and the minimum fruits per plant were recorded in T2. The yield of summer squash was recorded the maximum (403.75 q ha-1) in treatment T4 which was closely followed by T10. The quality parameters i.e., TSS (4.66) and shelf life (114.6 days) of summer squash was determined the maximum in T8 as compared to other treatments. The economics of using different growth regulators revealed that the benefit cost ratio was the maximum with Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) @ 100 ppm (T9) followed by Ethrel 250 ppm (T4). The overall results showed that the effective treatment for increasing femaleness and yield of Summer Squash was Ethrel (250 ppm) with the satisfactory benefit cost ratio (4.23).
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