We analyzed the vapor-phase distribution and behavior of each component in multi-component fuel (MCF). Evaporation characteristic of MCF was researched by laser-induced fluorescent (LIF) method. A pulsed Nd-YAG laser was used as incident light, and an experiment was performed in a constant-volume vessel so that optical measurement could be possible. MCF was injected through electronically controlled common rail injector into the vessel. I-octane (C 8 H 18 ), n-dodecane (C 12 H 26 ) and n-hexadecane (C 16 H 34 ) were selected to be low boiling point (LO-B.P.), mid boiling point (MI-B.P.) and high boiling point (HI-B.P.) components, respectively, and Fuel A, Fuel B and Fuel C, made by compounding those components at different mass fractions, were used as MCF. Experimentation was performed under the conditions that injection pressures were 42MPa, 72MPa and 112MPa, respectively, ambient gas density was 15kg/m 3 and ambient gas temperature was 700K. The spatial vapor-phase distribution, dispersion process of mixture, and vaporphase homogeneity were researched. It was ascertained that the vapor-phase of MCF showed stratified distribution and the dispersion of mixture was improved in proportion to the mass fraction of the LO-B.P. component.
Lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising as next‐generation energy storage systems. Adsorbents for sulfide species are favorably applied to the cathode, but this substrate often results in a surface‐passivating lithium sulfide(Li
2
S) film with a strong adsorption of Li
2
S. Here, an amorphous titanium suboxide (a‐TiOx) is presented that strongly adsorbs lithium polysulfides (Li
2
S
x
, x < 6) but relatively weakly adsorbs to Li
2
S. With these characteristics, the a‐TiO
x
achieves high conversion of Li
2
S
x
and high sulfur utilization accompanying the growth of particulate Li
2
S. The DFT calculations present a mechanism for particulate growth driven by the promoted diffusion and favorable clustering of Li
2
S. The a‐TiO
x
‐coated carbon nanotube‐assembled film (CNTF) cathode substrate cell achieves a high discharge capacity equivalent to 90% sulfur utilization at 0.2 C. The cell also delivers a high capacity of 850 mAh g
–1
even at the ultra‐high‐speed of 10 C and also exhibits high stability of capacity loss of 0.0226% per cycle up to 500 cycles. The a‐TiO
x
/CNTF is stacked to achieve a high loading of 7.5 mg S cm
–2
, achieving a practical areal capacity of 10.1 mAh cm
–2
.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.