In Central Europe, European grayling Thymallus thymallus is an endangered and vanishing fish species with high recreational angling value. For that reason, in January 2016, the minimum legal angling size for grayling was increased from 30 to 40 cm in the Czech Republic. This study evaluated if the increase in minimum angling size had any effect on grayling harvest. Data from 229 fishing sites covering the years 2011–2017 were used in this study. The data originated from individual angling logbooks, collected in the regions of Prague and Central Bohemia, Czech Republic. Over the 7 yr, anglers visited the studied fishing sites 3.6 million times and harvested 105 000 salmonids. Grayling made up only 0.5% of the overall salmonid harvest. The fishing restriction caused a decrease in grayling harvest per visit. It also decreased the contribution of grayling to the overall harvest as well as the number of fishing sites where anglers successfully harvested graylings. Fish stocking was constant during the study period. Increased minimum angling size led to increased average body weight of harvested fish. In conclusion, the increase in minimum angling size significantly affected fish harvest and composition.

The European catfish Silurus glanis is an important fish species in both commercial and recreational fisheries. Catfish is a spreading species that was reported to potentially benefit from increasing temperatures. The goal of this study was to estimate long-term changes in harvest rates of catfish in Central Europe. This study used individual mandatory angling logbooks collected by the Czech Fishing Union in the Czech Republic (Central Europe) over the course of years 1986-2017 (32 years) to assess harvest rates of catfish. This study discovered that harvest of catfish has been increasing over time. Moreover, rivers that previously showed zero harvested catfish are beginning to display higher harvest rates of catfish. Increasing average air temperature and angling effort in the study area have positively affected harvest rates of catfish. The increased harvest of catfish could not be reliably explained by intensive fish stocking. In conclusion, while other studies show that many fish species are negatively affected by human activities and therefore show decreased harvest rates, catfish angling seems to benefit from anthropogenic changes.

The Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis is an important fish species in both commercial and recreational fisheries. However, there is concern that perch populations in Central Europe are decreasing. This study aimed to assess the effects of environmental factors and management on recreational perch catches. Data from individual angling logbooks collected by the Czech Fishing Union on 229 fishing grounds during the period 2005–2016 were used in this study. In total, almost 60 000 perch weighing 17 500 kg were recorded. During the study period, total perch catches decreased by 60%, catch per fishing visit decreased by 70%, average body weight of caught perch increased by 18%, and percentage of fishing grounds with perch catches decreased by 13%. The results indicated that the decreasing catches were due to increasing fishing pressure. Further, fishing grounds with higher fishing visit rates had higher catches in general but lower catch per fishing visit. Larger and more productive rivers also showed higher catches. In contrast, the intensity of fish stocking did not affect catches. In conclusion, perch populations in Central Europe are likely under high fishing pressure, and the pressure is further increasing.

Background. The European grayling, Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758), is a fish species of high value in recreational fishing. The monitoring of changes in grayling populations is a high priority in fisheries. Data on the harvest of recreational anglers can potentially serve as an easy and inexpensive way to monitor changes in fish populations. This study aimed to assess spatio-temporal trends in catches of grayling in a larger geographical area. Materials and methods. This study analysed harvest rates of grayling by recreational anglers on 241 fishing grounds, in the Czech Republic, within 1986-2015 (30 years). Data from individual angling logbooks were used. The data were collected by individual anglers and processed by the Czech Fishing Union (Český rybářský svaz). Results. Over the period of 30 years, Czech anglers harvested a total of 9 928 grayling specimens weighing altogether 3 357 kg. Within the period surveyed, both parameters (the grayling biomass harvested and the representation of grayling in overall fish harvest) decreased to 10% of the initial values. The percentage of fishing grounds with a harvest of grayling decreased to 30% of the initial values. Harvest per effort decreased to 20% of the initial values over 11 years. There was only a weak correlation between fish stocking and fish harvest. There was a negative relation between the number of angler fishing visits with both catch (fish number) and yield (biomass) of grayling. The harvest was positively correlated with fishing effort. The mean size of harvested grayling remained constant (~0.35 kg) over 30 years. Conclusion. Harvest of grayling significantly declined over the last three decades, implying that increased effort in conservation of grayling is necessary. Future studies should focus on monitoring of the remaining selfreproducing grayling populations.

Willingness of individuals to recycle their waste is driven by a wide range of factors. These may be distinguished as intrinsic, for example perceived importance of recycling, and extrinsic, e.g. commandand-control interventions or financial incentives in a form of landfill taxes, deposits, charges, and fees. In order to increase the participation rate, specific policy measures and interventions are introduced. Some of these interventions, like educational campaigns, are focused on intrinsic motivation of residents, whereas some other measures are using financial stimuli to affect people's recycling behavior directly. In this respect, the crowding-out effect might occur when financial incentives might reduce the effect of intrinsic factors. This paper reports on responsiveness of residents to the direct and indirect incentives. The purpose of this analysis was to test the crowding-out hypothesis supposing that direct incentives are replacing the intrinsic motivation to recycle. The presented data is based on a nationwide survey (n=1.579) that was conducted in the Czech Republic during 2017 and confirms the hypothesis for a large part of the population (50%). However, it was also found that one fifth of the sample is responsive only to the direct incentives. Therefore, the crowding-out effect is not confirmed for a segment of the population. It seems that direct and indirect incentives may not be mutually exclusive. For some individuals the direct and indirect measures might support each other and together may increase positive impacts on recycling behavior. It is also highly recommended to consider the context within which the given measures are to be implemented. Under certain circumstances, such as high intrinsic motivation of residents, the launch of direct measures may not be reasonable.

Frugality is an important psychological trait that is currently of interest as a research construct in a range of fields, from consumer behavior to financial literacy and financial well-being. Increasingly, the concept of frugality is also being linked to environmental responsibility and behavior, as the core of frugality is the reduction or minimization of resources used and consumed, an emphasis on the long-term use of purchased products, and an overall conservation of resources. For many years, researchers have used the Frugality Scale (FS), the specific research tool introduced to measure frugality in a standardized and valid way. The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of FS translated into the Czech language, to evaluate the uni-dimensionality of the construct, and to analyze associations with relevant variables documenting respondents’ attitudes and behavior. For this purpose, the research based on face-to-face interviews among respondents representing the 15–74 years old population of Czechia was conducted. The obtained results showed that the previously developed FS achieved very good results in the Czech environment, where the obtained scores supported the hypothesized uni-dimensional structure of the scale. The CFA results show that the tested model fits well with empirical data. Convergent and construct validity is also shown to be high. Therefore, the Czech version of the Frugality Scale can be considered a reliable and valid instrument that is recommended for further use. By utilizing the FS, researchers and practitioners gain access to a robust tool for quantifying frugality and comprehending its pertinent aspects across diverse contexts.

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