At first glance, it might seem that the economic aspects of sustainability in terms of waste management have resolved themselves already in areas of activity. In reality, however, companies in this area also need to address how to ensure their future operations. The primary priority for companies in the area of waste disposal is to provide efficient collection, sorting, and recycling, effectively using company resources. The goal of this paper was to explore the relation between capital intensity and the productivity of labour in companies in the waste sector in the countries of the Visegrad Group (V4), and consequently, to define the bonds among economic indicators in the form of the economic normal. The study used data from 875 enterprises from the V4 countries, which were divided into categories according to the development of capital intensity and labour productivity. This study found that companies mainly implement modest investment development, which was characterised by the high effectiveness of capital usage, diminishing labour productivity, low labour endowment, but at the same time, increasing profitability. The reason for the labour productivity decrease was due to the growing proportional cost of labour. This trend was typical for most of the large-sized and middle-sized companies, whereas for most small companies, there was a dominant severe capital development with decreasing labour productivity and relatively high profitability of incomes. The smallest representation takes companies with capital-intensive development with the positive development of all monitored economic indicators.
Policy decisions on the allocation of funds among sub-national regions for transportation infrastructure, specifically for motorways, face budgetary constraints and problems of geographical allocation. The purpose of this research is to assist the policymakers in efficiently allocating resources. The objective of this research is to test the ability of a limited model to identify regions whose freight transport capacity is constrained by lack of motorway infrastructure. This paper conducts an analysis of the relationship between freight transport volume, indicators of the demand for goods, indicators of congestion, and the availability of motorways and class one roadways across regions to determine if a model based on available data may inform the policymakers to effectively use limited funds and avoid unnecessary construction. The NUTS3 regions in the Czech Republic are used to estimate a preliminary model that may be generalized for the use across countries. The analysis finds sufficient variability across regions in the marginal effect of motorways on freight transport to assist the policymakers in determining which regions face the most economically severe constraints, and to separate the effects of population density from the lack of infrastructure. Although the Czech Republic is a developed country, there is significant emphasis, due to the increasing volumes of transportation flows, on the analysis of transportation in relation with the land use.
Annotation The paper deals with regional difference in effectiveness of production factor labour at small and medium-sized enterprises in food industry
Automobile transport is integral part of everyday modern live. On the other hand all the time bigger quantity of cars on roads and motorways slows down the transport speed, road are overloaded, congested, thereby human mobility holds down. Last but not least heavy traffic bears much bad influence above all for environment and landscape. On that ground it's needed to analyze individual car transport, its aspects, usage and problems. Consequences, which have been found from research, are in many cases alarming.
Personal transportation is an issue that deserves interest in research activities. There are plenty of situations necessary to deal with. The first one is transportation modes, and the second trend of so-called "de-urbanisation", which means moving citizens from cities to small towns and villages. This trend very often causes an increased number of individual car trips and, at the same time, the decreasing trend in using public transportation modes. All mentioned circumstances lead to the necessity of finding new approaches how solving situations. One of them is the carpooling system. The goal of the research and this paper is to analyze passenger transport performance by mode and find possible consequnces with economy performance. The key data used for analyses will be the total passenger transport performance. It was found out that the development of transportation performance corresponded with economic cycles measured by GDP.
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