Edible insects are alternative sources of high protein. Southeast Asia, South America, Africa, and Europe have recorded edible insects and, especially in Europe and America, there are factories that produce insects as food. In some areas of China, there has also been the habit of eating insects since ancient times. Periplaneta americana is an insect with the homology of medicine and food. In recent years, its medicinal and nutritional functions have attracted extensive attention and research. Its adult powder has been certified as a health product. It not only contains a variety of proteins but also is rich in fatty acids. The composition and antioxidant function of adult powder extract was analyzed in this study. Using adult P. americana powder as the raw material, it was extracted with n-Hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) removed a total of 60 compounds, and many active components were extracted from P. americana powder for the first time. The parts and relative content of each extracted sample were obtained, and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of each extracted piece was determined, among which the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate was the highest.
Thymosin is a physiologically active polypeptide hormone which has many functions involved in promoting wound healing, promoting hair growth, and accelerating tissue and organ regeneration. American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) has three subtypes thymosin (THY1, THY2, THY3) which are different splices from the same thymosin gene. Real-time PCR was used to detect and analyze the expression differences of THY1 and THY2 in different stages, sexes, tissues and after stimulation by bacteria. Thymosins were expressed in adult, eclosion, and ootheca, and their expression levels were significantly up-regulated during the eclosion period, showing the thymosin might be involved in the eclosion process. The expression levels of thymosins in females were higher than males, and the differences in eclosion stages were more significant (P < 0.01), indicating that they were closely related to development and female reproduction. The expressions of THY1 and THY2 in hemolymph were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that in other tissues. The up-regulated expression of thymosin in two immune-related tissues (Hemolymph and adipose) after Escherichia coli stimulation further confirmed its involvement in the immune response. Our research would provide a basis for screening of novel pesticides target genes.
The Indian Cuckoo, Cuculus micropterus , belongs to the family Cuculidae. In this paper, we sequenced and analysized the complete mitochondrial genome of C. micropterus . The complete mitochondrial genome of C. micropterus is 17,541 bp in length, which was submitted to the NCBI database under the accession number MZ048030. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosome RNA genes, and one non-coding control region. The overall base composition of the mitochondrial DNA is 33.2% for A, 24.2% for T, 29.8% for C, and 12.8% for G, with a GC content of 42.6%. In order to explore the molecular phylogenetics evolution of Cuculidae, the nucleotide sequence data of 13 PCGs of C. micropterus and other 11 Cuculiformes were used for the phylogenetic analysis. The result shows that C. micropterus is closely related to Cuculus canorus bakeri . The study contributes to illuminating the taxonomic status of C. micropterus , and may facilitate further investigation of the evolution of Cuculidae.
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