Explosive ink in the micro-size charges of explosive circuits for energetic devices has attracted considerable interest. Herein, explosive ink with 90 wt.% of energetic solid was selected by testing the rheological properties of formulations with different CL-20 concentrations. Explosive ink suspensions with sub-micro 4,6,8,10,4,6,8,10, as main explosive and fluorine-containing rubber/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) emulsion as binder system were prepared. Direct ink writing (DIW) technology was used for the printing of the sample and for the loading of the explosive ink in a micro-size groove. The morphology and crystal type of the CL-20-based composite samples were characterized by SEM and XRD, and its detonating transfer performance in the micro-size groove were tested. Results show that the CL-20based composite has a good molding effect, and the crystal type has not changed. The critical detonation thickness is around 11 μm at 1.0 mm fixed width in the wedge tests, and the critical detonation size (cross section) is about 0.3 mm × 0.3 mm. The detonation wave could continue to propagate around multiple 90°corners. The maximum corner turning ability of the detonation wave is 140°and the CL-20-based composite can detonate completely in a complex charge circuit.Keywords: CL-20 · explosive ink · detonating transfer performance · corner turning ability · micro-size detonation Figure 6. (a) Optical image of explosive circuit charges with multiple 90°corner before detonation; (b) Optical image of charge substrate after detonation.
Cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX, C3H6N6O6) with the size of 400 to 600 nm was prepared by low-speed spray-drying method. Meanwhile, the crystal morphology, particle size, crystal structure, thermal decomposition properties, and impact sensitivity properties of the raw materials of RDX and the prepared ultrafine spherical RDX were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser particle size analyzer (LPSA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and impact sensitivity instrument. The factors affecting experimental results were discussed; the size and morphology of RDX crystals were found to be affected by drying temperature, spray speed, and RDX mass fraction in solution. The optimal preparation conditions for the ultrafine spherical RDX were studied, and the results showed that the RDX particles with the best morphology and particle uniformity were prepared when the drying temperature was 90°C, spray speed was 1 ml/min, and the RDX mass fraction in solution was 4%. As a result, the activation energy (Ea) of the ultrafine spherical RDX was lower than that of raw RDX by 24.52 KJ·mol-1, and the characteristic drop (H50) of the ultrafine spherical RDX was higher by 35.3 cm.
Nano-TATB particles were prepared by an ultrasonic-assisted spray method. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to select the best binder-VitonA. Then, using VitonA as a binder, TATB/VitonA nanocomposites were prepared by a compressed air spray evaporation method and the formation mechanism of TATB/VitonA nanocomposites was proposed. Meanwhile, the crystal morphology, particle size, crystal structure, thermal decomposition properties, and impact sensitivity properties of the raw materials of TATB, the prepared nano-TATB particles, and the TATB/VitonA nanocomposites were characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser particle size analyzer (LPSA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and impact sensitivity instrument. The detonation performances of TATB/VitonA were calculated by the EXPLO5 program. The results indicated that the size of TATB/VitonA nanocomposites was 0.5-1 μm. The results also indicated that TATB/VitonA nanocomposites were composed of many nano-TATB particles (40-60 nm). The crystal structure of TATB/VitonA nanoparticles was not changed. The activation energy of TATB/VitonA nanocomposites was higher than nano-TATB particles by 42.62 kJ·mol −1 , and the characteristic drop of the proportion of TATB/VitonA nanocomposites was higher than nano-TATB particles by 13.8 cm. The thermal stability of TATB/VitonA nanocomposites was higher, while their mechanical sensitivities were lower, which showed potential for sustainable use in the field of energetic materials.
Antifouling coatings based on zwitterionic polymers have been widely applied for surface modification of interventional blood-contacting devices to combat thrombosis and infection. However, the weak adhesion stability of zwitterionic coating...
In this paper, the ultrafine β-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (β – CL – 20) particles were prepared by spray drying method. The CL – 20 samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). Furthermore, the safety properties of samples under impact and thermal stimulus were tested and analyzed. The results of SEM showed that the average particle size of ultrafine CL – 20 particles with a narrow particle size distribution, were about 320 nm, and the shape was elliptical. The XRD patterns indicated that the polymorphic phase of ultrafine particles was mainly β-type. Compared with that of raw CL – 20, the impact sensitivity of the ultrafine CL – 20 had been decreased significantly, for the drop height (H50) was increased from 13.0 to 33.5 cm. The critical explosion temperature of the ultrafine CL – 20 decreased from 232.16 ℃ to 227.93 ℃, indicating that the thermal stability of the ultrafine CL – 20 is lower than that of raw CL – 20.
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