Ionizing radiation (gamma and X-ray) is widely used in industry and medicine, but it can also pose a significant hazardous effect on health and induce cancer, physical deformity, and even death, due to DNA damage and invasion of free radicals. There is therefore an urgent unmet demand in designing highly efficient radioprotectants with synergetic integration of effective renal clearance and low toxicity. In this study, we designed ultrasmall (sub-5 nm) highly catalytically active and cysteine-protected MoS2 dots as radioprotectants and investigated their application in protection against ionizing radiation. In vivo preclinical studies showed that the surviving fraction of MoS2-treated mice can appreciably increase to up to 79% when they were exposed to high-energy ionizing radiation. Furthermore, MoS2 dots can contribute in cleaning up the accumulated free radicals within the body, repairing DNA damage, and recovering all vital chemical and biochemical indicators, suggesting their unique role as free radical scavengers. MoS2 dots showed rapid and efficient urinary excretion with more than 80% injected dose eliminated from the body after 24 h due to their ultrasmall hydrodynamic size and did not cause any noticeable toxic responses up to 30 days.

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MoS2–Au nanohybrids prepared from MoS2 nanoparticles with gold nanoclusters by a solvothermal method showed outstanding electrocatalytic activity toward HER.

Nanostructured molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been arousing great research interest in many fields in recent years due to their peculiar properties. In this short review, we introduce recent advances in nanostructured MoS2 as potential materials for construction of electrochemical sensors. The potential application prospect of the electrochemical sensors based on MoS2 nanomaterials is proposed.

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Detection of inorganic phosphate is very important in environmental and health care applications. In this work, we found that phenomenon similar to “catalytic hydrogen wave” occurred on a molybdenum phosphide (MoP) modified electrode in the presence of phosphate, that is, a new wave of catalytic hydrogen evolution appeared before the normal hydrogen evolution reaction. The catalytic hydrogen wave arose from a structure similar to phosphomolybdic acid (noted as MoPO), which was formed by the interaction between phosphate and molybdenum oxides on the surface of the MoP modified electrode, resulting in the altered surface structure and adjusted interface catalytic activity. A novel phosphate electrochemical sensor was constructed based on this phenomenon with a linear range from 0.10 to 20.0 mmol·L–1, an actually determined minimum concentration of 0.030 mmol·L–1, and recoveries of 94%–107%, and this sensor was successfully applied to the detection of phosphate in human blood. Furthermore, this work proposes a new sensing method based on catalytic hydrogen waves on the modified electrodes.

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