Since the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir, its tributaries have been eutrophic and flooded many times, the prompt and accurate eutrophication assessment is the foundation of water environmental management for this area. To address the problems existing in the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, a novel method is proposed to adjust the indicator weight by using the analytic hierarchy process–entropy weight method, improve the fuzzy operation method, and take the weighted average as the basis of comprehensive evaluation. Through this method, the information of each indicator can be comprehensively used, and the subjectivity and blindness of evaluation can be effectively reduced. Then the eutrophication status of Hanfeng Lake is analyzed by it, and compares the results with that of conventional methods. The results show that Hanfeng lake is greatly affected by TN and TP, and it is generally in mesotrophic to mildly eutrophication. Eutrophication degree is as follows: Nanhe River > Donghe River > Regulating dam, so the control measures should be strengthened in Nanhe area. Combined with the water pollution control measures proposed in this paper, it can provide guidance for the monitoring and treatment of eutrophication in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and ensure the safety of the water environment.
Practitioner points
This paper proposes to use the analytic hierarchy process–entropy weight method combined with the fuzzy operation method to assess the eutrophication status of tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir, in China.
The results indicate that Hanfeng Lake is generally in a light eutrophication state, which is greatly affected by TN and TP, and the Nanhe River is in a relatively high degree of eutrophication, which need to be extra vigilant.
The evaluation results are more conformable to reality than that of the traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, which can provide guidance for comprehensive management of eutrophication.
The unique DO distribution in HSFW may contribute to an optimum environment for partial nitrification and anammox, and obtain a high performance for nitrogen removal. Correlation analysis showed that the microbial activity in the HSFW relied obviously on the redox condition.
Since the development of indica hybrid rice in the 1970s, great success has been achieved in hybrid rice production in China and around the world. The utilization of inter-subspecific indica–japonica hybrid rice has always been considered due to its stronger heterosis characteristics. However, indica–japonica hybrids face a serious problem of sterility, which hinders the exploitation of their heterosis. In the past decades, the genetic basis of indica–japonica hybrid sterility has been well studied. It was found that in sterile indica–japonica hybrids, female sterility was mainly controlled by the S5 locus and male sterility by the Sa, Sb, Sc, Sd, and Se loci. In this study, we developed wide-compatible indica lines (WCILs) by pyramiding multiple neutral (n) alleles of the hybrid sterility loci. First, we identified Sn alleles of the loci in single-segment substitution lines (SSSLs) in the genetic background of indica Huajingxian 74 (HJX74). Then, the Sn alleles of S5, Sb, Sc, Sd, and Se loci in SSSLs were pyramided in the HJX74 genetic background. The WCILs carrying Sn alleles at the S5, Sb, Sc, Sd, and Se loci showed wide compatibility with indica and japonica rice varieties. Therefore, the WCILs will be used to develop inter-subspecific indica–japonica hybrid rice with normal fertility.
To solve the problems of low efficiency and insufficient dynamic response of job shop scheduling in the discrete manufacturing process, a multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling model for digital twin and its solution method are proposed. Firstly, a digital twin scheduling model with physical entity, virtual model and production plan is constructed, and four factors are taken as optimization goals. Then, a hybrid particle swarm optimization method is designed to increase the refined optimization ability, and the obtained Pareto optimal solution set is analyzed by grey relational analysis to obtain a satisfactory solution which coincides with the actual production. Finally, a three-dimensional model which is completely mapped with the real job shop scheduling is built by Plant Simulation software. The scheduling process is simulated and optimized by combining with the production data of an enterprise, which verifies the feasibility and applicability of this method, and will effectively guide the production practice.
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