In light of the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on organizations and company human resource policies, multiple changes have been made to employee work behaviors. This paper developed a concept model on career plateaus, job burnout, work engagement, and turnover intention and examined it through a non-random sampling survey of 285 employees at resorts in Macao. The results revealed that career plateaus positively impact job burnout and turnover intention, and job burnout positively impacts turnover intention. The study found that career plateau negatively impacts work engagement and positively impacts turnover intention, and work engagement negatively influences turnover intention. Job burnout and work engagement partially mediate the relationship between career plateau and turnover intention. Training negatively moderates career plateau toward work engagement, and job rotation moderates career plateau toward turnover intention. Accordingly, organizations should consider the impact on employees’ careers when designing training and job rotation policies in response to the epidemic.
BACKGROUND The behavior of gamblers during the COVID-19 pandemic has changed, accompanied by other factors such as current travel restrictions. Therefore, it is very relevant to study the changes in the gambling behavior of mainland China gamblers during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine how the COVID-19 epidemic impacts gambling behavior. To compare gamblers' past and existing gambling behaviors under corresponding countermeasures for the regional sector counterpart to the COVID-19 epidemic. METHODS A survey was employed to examine the gambling behavior of Chinese gamblers in Macau. Cross-sectional studies were used to compare gamblers' past and existing gambling behaviors. RESULTS The results revealed that a high proportion of mainland Chinese gamblers stopped traveling to gamble in Macau. Instead, they switched to online gambling which caused a decline in gambling bets, gambling time spent, and social gambling, but increased online gambling during the epidemic. Young people spend more time gambling and betting, and the behavior of people with mood disorders has changed significantly. The results showed that casino gambling activities were hindered by the pandemic outbreak, which will cause a shift from problem gambling to online gambling as casinos decline. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of the original Chinese mainland gamblers did not choose to go to Macau to gamble during COVID-19. Whatever the cause, the post-pandemic has led gamblers to rely less on live gambling and turn more to online gaming. The pandemic has led to a reduction in the amount of money spent on-site and a reduction in the length of stay at the casino. In the past, casinos were one of the most popular social places for gamblers, but during the epidemic, the measures taken by the government and enterprises to control this epidemic have affected the social gambling behavior of gamblers to a certain extent. Younger generations are more affected by online gambling. Gambling was popular during the epidemic, and the amount and frequency of gambling were so high that a tendency to gamble was present. The findings suggest that the pandemic has reduced on-site gambling and provided a favorable environment to control problem gambling. Gambling behavior may be shifting from casinos to online gambling as a result of the pandemic outbreak.
This study focuses on how the COVID-19 epidemic affects gambling motivation and behavior. This research also analyzes the behavioral intervention effects of the anti-epidemic measures on the COVID-19 epidemic and the relationship between the epidemic impact and gambling motivation and behavior. To investigate these connections, this research used Structural Equation Modeling to analyze 334 valid questionnaires collected during COVID-19 from gamblers from mainland China who visited the Macao Special Administrative Region. The results showed that the epidemic impact negatively affected gambling motivation and behavior, and gambling motivation partially mediated the relationship between epidemic impact and gambling behavior. Anti-epidemic measures positively moderated the epidemic’s impact on gambling motivation and behavior. This paper offers a theoretical contribution by proving the influence of the social environment on human motivational behavior, especially the effect of the COVID-19 crisis, and the support of government and enterprise anti-epidemic measures for behavior intervention theory. The practicality of this study consists of behavioral interventions from anti-epidemic efforts by regional government and industry to cope with the epidemic. These measures should influence the gamblers’ behavior intentions by considering the health and safety strategies that may reduce the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on mainland Chinese gamblers. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-04-024 Full Text: PDF
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