Arabinoxylans (AXs) are widely distributed in various cereal grains, such as wheat, corn, rye, barley, rice, and oat. The AX molecule contains a linear (1,4)-β-D-xylp backbone substituted by α-L-araf units and occasionally t-xylp and t-glcpA through α-(1,2) and/or α-(1,3) glycosidic linkages. Arabinoxylan shows diversified functional and bioactive properties, influenced by their molecular mass, branching degree, ferulic acid (FA) content, and the substitution position and chain length of the side chains. This Review summarizes the extraction methods for various cereal sources, compares their structural features and functional/bioactive properties, and highlights the established structure−function/bioactivity relationships, intending to explore the potential functions of AXs and their industrial applications.

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The paper puts forward a two-stage model of state prognosis based upon measured vibration monitoring information to date. First the two-stage operating process of equipment is described. Secondly, the modelling method and process of the two-stage state prognosis model is given. At the same time, the estimation method of unknown parameters in model is also given. Last the model is applied to predict the residual life of a set of rolling element bearings based on their vibration monitoring information.