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During the last decade, DNA origami nanostructures evolved into versatile platforms for the investigation of numerous biomolecular processes and reactions. [1] This development was initiated by the unique addressability of DNA origami nanostructures, which allows for the site-selective immobilization of multiple biomolecular species with nanometer resolution on the DNA origami surface. Using this approach, a vast variety of biomolecular processes have been investigated so far, including DNA-DNA [2] and DNA-RNA hybridization, [3] protein-DNA binding, [4] conformational transitions in DNA, [5] DNA radiation damage, [6] enzymatic DNA repair, [7] enzyme cascades, [8] antibody-antigen binding, [9-11] and even DNA transcription. [12] The aims of these studies were either to provide fundamental insights into the molecular mechanisms of biological processes or to improve the detection of medically relevant biomolecules. Another class of biomolecular reactions of great importance in a more technological context comprises the binding of proteins to small-molecule ligands, which is at the heart of drug screening and fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD). [13,14] The fundamental idea behind the FBDD approach is to identify and select few low-molecular mass fragments that efficiently bind to neighboring sites of the same target protein and subsequently merge them to construct a potent small-molecule protein inhibitor. [14] The latter step, however, often presents an enormous challenge as the linking chemistry

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Ganpu tea is a novel type of tea beverage with unique and pleasant flavor that encases Pu-erh tea leaves within an intact mandarin peel. However, to date, no holistic and detail studies on its chemical composition and biological activities have been reported yet. In the present study, by applying UPLC-Q-TOF and UPLC-MS technology, we systematically identified and analyzed 104 water-soluble compounds of Ganpu tea and their variation trend during the sun-drying processing. The results showed that the generation of pigments and gallic acid coincided with a dramatic decrease in catechin content, and a significant increase in alkaloid and flavonoid contents. The conversion of these compounds can contribute to the improvement of sensory attributes of Ganpu tea and maybe indispensable to its unique flavor. Moreover, the mice given orally with high dose of Ganpu tea (0.4 g/kg) showed a significantly reduced immobility duration as compared to that of the negative control group (p < 0.01) both in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Together, these results indicate that the sun-drying processing was indispensable to the formation of the unique flavor for Ganpu tea. Multiple types of compounds of Ganpu tea may collectively provide the synergistic attributes to its antidepressant-like properties.

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In this paper, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the membership functions of a fuzzy logic controller for smart structure systems. With the performance requirement of vibration control, a new encoding method and a fitness function with variable factors are put forward for the genetic algorithm. A constraint problem, which the new encoding method will face, is discussed and solved. The effectiveness of the genetic algorithm is demonstrated with a cantilever beam attached with piezoelectric materials.

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