The RAG sign represents the retrograde collateral flow distal to an occlusive lesion. This sign is highly specific for CTO and helps to differentiate CTO from SO.

We report the electrically pumped ultraviolet random lasing from ZnO nanorod arrays on Si. Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures in a form of Au/SiO(2)/ZnO-nanorod-array were fabricated on Si. Such devices exhibit random lasing when the Au electrode is applied with a sufficiently high positive voltage. In this context, in the region adjacent to SiO(2)/ZnO-nanorod-array interface, stimulated emission from ZnO occurs due to population inversion and, moreover, light is scattered by the nanorods and SiO(2) films. Therefore, random lasing proceeds due to optical gain achieved by the stimulated emission and multiple scattering.

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The LL/MLD(4) ratio, as characterized by using coronary CT angiography, correlates inversely with FFR measurements and is associated with the hemodynamic status of coronary stenoses. Online supplemental material is available for this article.

The presence of coronary CT angiography-visible linear intrathrombus enhancement within the occluded segment predicts better outcome of PCI in CTOs.

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