The flowerlike ZnO nanostructures, which consisted of swordlike ZnO nanorods, have been prepared by a
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted hydrothermal process at low temperature (120 °C). The
XRD pattern indicated that the flowerlike ZnO nanostructures were hexagonal. Furthermore, the SAED and
HRTEM revealed that the swordlike ZnO nanorods were single crystal in nature and preferentially grew up
along [001]. Finally, the mechanism for the CTAB-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of flowerlike ZnO
nanostructures has been preliminarily explained by polar crystal growth theory and surfactant action theory.
Single-crystalline ceria nanorods have been fabricated by self-assembly of ceria nanocrystals via a simple,
low-temperature, and ligand-free approach. Detailed high-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows
that the nanorods are formed along the [211] or [110] direction by self-organization of truncated octahedral
ceria nanocrystals, sharing the {111} or {200} planes with each other, whereas the previous report shows
that only the [110] direction exists in ceria nanorods. The nucleation temperature and molar ratio of Ce3+ and
OH- also play key roles in the formation of ceria nanorods. Moreover, the formation mechanism was explained
in detail.
Different shapes of ZnO microcrystals have been achieved controllably by a capping-molecule-assisted
hydrothermal process. The flowerlike, disklike, and dumbbell-like ZnO microcrystals of hexagonal phase have been
obtained respectively using ammonia, citric acid (CA), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the capping molecules. Only
a very strong UV emission at ∼380 nm is observed in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the three kinds of ZnO
microcrystals, indicative of their high crystal quality. The formation mechanisms for the hydrothermally synthesized
microcrystals in different morphologies have been phenomenologically presented.
Flower-like ZnO nanostructures, which consisted of sword-like ZnO nanorods, have been
prepared by an organic-free hydrothermal process. The XRD pattern indicated that
the flower-like ZnO nanostructures were hexagonal. The SAED and HRTEM
experiments implied that the sword-like ZnO nanorods were single crystal in nature and
preferentially grew up along the [001] direction. The effects of temperature, pH value and
mineralizer on the morphology have been also investigated. It is considered that
pH value is the main factor to influence the morphology because of its effect on
the initial nuclei and growth environment of ZnO. Finally, the mechanism for
organic-free hydrothermal synthesis of the flower-like ZnO nanostructure is discussed.
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