The birth of fog computing has given rise to many security threats. Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks by intruders on fog nodes will cause system resources to be illegally appropriate. Intrusion detection system (IDS) is a powerful technology that can be used to resist DDoS attacks. In our previous research, we have proposed a fog computing intrusion detection system (FC-IDS) framework. In this paper, we mainly analyze and model the DDoS attacks under the framework of FC-IDS. We propose a hypergraph clustering model based on Apriori algorithm. This model can effectively describe the association between fog nodes which are suffering from the threat of DDoS. Through simulation, we verify that the resource utilization rate of the system can be effectively promoted through the DDoS association analysis.
The IoT system has become a significant component of next generation networks, and drawn a lot of research interest in academia and industry. As the sensor nodes in the IoT system are always battery-limited devices, the power control problem is a serious problem in the IoT system which needs to be solved. In this paper, we research the resource allocation in the wireless powered IoT system, which includes one hybrid access point (HAP) and many wireless sensor nodes, to obtain the optimal power level for information transmission and energy transfer simultaneously. The relationship between the HAP and the sensor nodes are formulated as the Stackelberg game, and the dynamic variations of the energy for both the HAP and IoT devices are formulated through the dynamic game with mean field control. Then the power control in the wireless powered IoT system is formulated as a mean field Stackelberg game model. We aim to minimize the transmission cost for each sensor node based on optimally power resource allocation. Meanwhile, we attempt to minimize the energy transfer cost based on power control. As a result, the optimal solutions based on the mean field control of the sensor nodes and the HAP are achieved through dynamic programming theory and the law of large numbers, and ε-Nash equilibriums can be obtained. The energy variations for both the sensor nodes and HAP after the control of resource allocation based on the proposed approach are verified based on the simulation results.
A recommender system with good performance for an ecommerce web site is important for both customers and merchants. In most of the existing recommender systems, only the purchase information is utilized data and the navigational and behavioral data are seldom concerned. In this paper, we design a novel recommender system for comprehensive online shopping sites. In the proposed recommender system, the contextual information data, such as access, click, read, and purchase information of a customer, are utilized to calculate the preference degree to each item; then items with larger preference degrees are recommended to the customer. In addition, nonexpendable items are distinguished from expendable ones and handled by a different way. Lastly, we structure an example to show the performance of the proposed recommender system. The results show that the proposed method is well-performed.
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