Epstein–Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) plays a fundamental role in the
malignant transformation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), although the mechanism is not well
understood. Here, we showed that Limb-bud and Heart (LBH) is considerably downregulated in patient
NPC tissues. The expression of LBH in biopsies of 40 consecutive NPC patients devoid of initial
distant metastasis and treated according to consistent guidelines was also analyzed, and we found
the LBH expression level was correlated with some of clinicopathological features, disease-specific
survival (DSS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). We further determined that LBH normally
induces NPC cell cycle arrest at the G1/S transition, and LBH can suppress the growth of
transplanted NPC tumors in vivo by downregulating LMP1-mediated NF-κB transcriptional activity.
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) normally protects against tumor development by
suppressing cell proliferation, but NPC cells acquire resistance to TGF-β1–mediated
inhibition. We found that TGF-β1 inhibits NF-κB transcriptional activity and nasopharyngeal
epithelial cell proliferation through upregulating LBH expression. These data reveal a previously
unknown NPC transformation mechanism and provide a new concept and treatment strategy for
LMP1-driven oncogenesis in NPC.
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