Surviving in an increasing globalization, distribution and flexibility environment, modern manufacturing requires an extremely flexible, self-adaptive foundation capable of dynamic provisioning, coordinating and using infinite manufacturing resources available on demand over large-scale computer networks. In contrast to the conventional networked manufacturing approach, the cloud manufacturing vision (GetCM) introduced in this paper promises elasticity, flexibility and adaptability through the on-demand provisioning of manufacturing resources as a utility by reflecting the basic principles of cloud computing. The discussion is made from technological, functional, economic aspects to provide evidence of the benefits from GetCM in the context of networked manufacturing resource access, provision, sharing and coordination. A primary architecture for GetCM is introduced based on the analysis of key criteria in realizing the vision of a function for cloud manufacturing. Focuses of this paper are placed on the vision and the outline of GetCM architecture.

The accurate differentiation of the subtypes of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) can significantly improve the efficacy of repositioning maneuver in its treatment and thus reduce unnecessary clinical tests and inappropriate medications. In this study, attempts have been made towards developing approaches of causality modeling and diagnostic reasoning about the uncertainties that can arise from medical information. A dynamic uncertain causality graph-based differential diagnosis model for BPPV including 354 variables and 885 causality arcs is constructed. New algorithms are also proposed for differential diagnosis through logical and probabilistic inference, with an emphasis on solving the problems of intricate and confounding disease factors, incomplete clinical observations, and insufficient sample data. This study further uses vertigo cases to test the performance of the proposed method in clinical practice. The results point to high accuracy, a satisfactory discriminatory ability for BPPV, and favorable robustness regarding incomplete medical information. The underlying pathological mechanisms and causality semantics are verified using compact graphical representation and reasoning process, which enhance the interpretability of the diagnosis conclusions.

Facing the pressure of environment, sustainable development is the demand of the current construction industry development. Prefabricated construction technologies has been actively promoted in China. Cost has always been one of the important factors in the development of prefabricated buildings. The hidden cost of prefabricated buildings has a great impact on the total cost of the project, and it exists in the whole process of building construction. In this paper innovatively studies the cost of prefabricated buildings from the perspective of hidden cost. In order to analysis the hidden cost of prefabricated buildings, the influencing factor index system in terms of design, management, technology, policy and environment has been established, which includes 13 factors in total. And the hidden cost analysis model has been proposed based on FISM-BN, this model combines fuzzy interpretive structure model(FISM) with Bayesian network(BN). This model can comprehensively analyze the hidden cost through the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. And the analysis process is dynamic, not fixed at a certain point in time to analyze the cost. We can get the internal logical relationship among the influencing factors of the hidden cost, and present it in the form of intuitive chart by FISM-BN. Furthermore the model could not only predict the probability of the hidden cost of prefabricated buildings and realize in-time control through causal reasoning, but also predict the posterior probability of other influencing factors through diagnostic reasoning when the hidden cost occurs and find out the key factors that lead to the hidden cost. Then the final influencing factors are determined after one by one check. Finally, the model is demonstrated on the hidden cost analysis of prefabricated buildings the probability of recessive cost is 26%. In the analysis and control of the hidden cost of prefabricated buildings, scientific and effective decision-making and reference opinions are provided for managers.

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Additive Manufacturing (AM) is the digital manufacturing technology by which products are fabricated directly from computer models by selectively curing, depositing or consolidating materials in successive layers. The technology has provided an opportunity to rethink the methods of product design to maximize the product performance through the synthesis of material compositions, structure, and sizes. This overview is created to relate the unique capabilities of AM technologies and discuss the methods of product design. Finally, the current problems and difficulties in this field are discussed in this paper, and this paper proposes the development direction of the product design for additive manufacturing in the future.

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The use of conceptual scheme evaluation is a key step in the development of new products. In this paper, a multi-dimensional evaluation method that involves subjective evaluation, eye-tracking, and product image evaluation is established. In this study, subjective evaluation is used to test customers' initial reactions to conceptual schemes, and eyetracking is used to highlight the features of conceptual schemes that are most attractive to customers. With the help of Kansei engineering, the most attractive features of a particular product are described and clarified from the product image evaluation. This multidimensional method can be applied not only in screening conceptual schemes, but also in exploring the reasons and suggestions for product improvement. The method was assessed in this study through a case study evaluation of conceptual design schemes for a mobile phone. OPSOMMINGDie gebruik van konseptuele skema beoordeling is 'n sleutel stap in die ontwikkel van nuwe produkte. 'n Multidimensionele beoordelingsmetode, wat subjektiewe beoordeling, die volg van oog beweging en produk beeld beoordeling behels, is ontwikkel. Subjektiewe beoordeling word gebruik om kliënte se aanvanklike reaksies op konseptuele skemas te toets. Die volg van oog beweging word gebruik om die mees aantreklike eienskappe van konseptuele skemas uit te lig. Met die hulp van Kansei ingenieurswese word die mees aantreklike eienskappe van 'n spesifieke produk beskryf en duidelik gemaak vanuit die produk beeld beoordeling. Hierdie multidimensionele metode kan ook toegepas word in die motiverings en aanbevelings vir produk verbetering. Dié metode is beoordeel deur 'n gevallestudie van konseptuele ontwerpskemas van 'n selfoon.1 A post-doctoral scholar in the