Background China is facing big challenges to achieve the “90–90-90 targets”. The HIV prevalence of elderly (≥50 years) men have been steadily increasing in China, mainly through the sexual transmission route, but sexual behaviors of them are far from well-studied. In 2019, elderly men accounted for 59.2% of HIV/AIDS cases in Sichuan, China. Methods The research design is a cross-sectional study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among 795 HIV negative elderly men from rural Chengdu, capital City of Sichuan. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to examine factors associated with commercial heterosexual behavior from a modified Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) perspective. Results 129 (16.23%) respondents admitted high-risk sexual behaviors, including 11.07% commercial heterosexual behavior, 6.16% extramarital, 2.89% casual and 0.25% homosexual behavior, and no one used condom consistently. 427(68.43%) had ever gotten HIV-related Health Education (HRHE), mainly through mass media (70.49%). The HIV-related knowledge awareness rate was only 31.41%. Migration history (AOR =2.46,95% CI = 1.02–5.91), age(≥60 vs. 50–59, OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.19–0.91), receiving HRHE from mass media (OR = 0.37, 95%CI = 0.16–0.85), marital status (married vs. never married, OR = 0.04, 95%CI = 0–0.52), and undecided (AOR =0.02, 95%CI = 0.01–0.09) and objection (AOR =0.04, 95%CI = 0.01–0.1) attitude toward commercial sex were related to lifetime commercial heterosexual behavior. Conclusions High-risk sexual behaviors are common among elderly men from rural areas in Chengdu. Receiving HRHE from mass media and undecided and objection attitude toward commercial sex prevent elderly from being involving in commercial heterosexual behavior. According to the results, health facilities should continue to conduct systematic interventions, paying more attention to 50–59 years old group. Sex and condom use need to be talked in public. Working with mass media, health facilities give elderly men education not only focusing on HIV/AIDS, but also on knowledge and skills of condom use.
An increasing number of new Chinese clothing store brands are selling and offering similar products and services and consequently clothing store brand providers must compete to survive in this industry. They need to focus on customers’ special needs and preferences to maintain and retain a long-term relationship. The objective of this study is thus to examine the relationship between service quality and customer retention for clothing store brands in China, and the mediated effect of service value in the relationship between service quality and customer retention for clothing store brands in China. A quantitative research for data collection was implemented. As many as 385 questionnaires were collected by the professor, PhD students, MSc students and BSc students of different nationalities in China. The data was analysed using SmartPLS and SPSS software. Customer perception of the quality of a service product in all sizes has a beneficial effect on customer retention. Service value affects customer retention positively. Practical implications for the target market of the clothing sector should be focused on young individuals aged 36 to 45 years, holding a Master’s degree and earn more than €1,000/month. Findings indicated significant and direct relationships between service quality, service value and customer retention. It was also found that service value has a full mediated effect. This study will be of interest to the clothing store brands in understanding how service quality is essential for maintaining a long-term relationship with customers.
Consumer interest has been moving progressively toward local regional clothing products in many countries. Hence, this study endeavours to examine consumer perception and purchase intention, and their interrelationship in the context of regional clothing products. A framework built on the basis of a C-A-B model and a questionnaire were used to collect data through online and offl ine sources. The proposed model was empirically evaluated based on 407 respondents. The results reveal that both consumer perception and the perceived value of regional clothing products have a positive infl uence on consumers' purchase intentions, while perceived value also plays a role in the purchase process. Nevertheless, word-of-mouth plays a predominant role among other infl uential factors of consumer perception, such as uniqueness and regionality.
Objectives To make clear the roles of social interaction and social support in HIV infection among elderly men who visit female sex workers (FSW). Methods We conducted a case-control study: 106 newly HIV (+) vs. 87 HIV (-) elderly men who visited FSW with similar age, education levels, marital statuses, monthly expenses for entertainment and migration experiences. Experiences of visiting FSW, social interaction, and intimate social support were obtained. Backward binary logistic regression was applied. Results Cases’ first visit to FSW happened at the age of 44.01 ± 12.25, older than controls (33.90 ± 13.43). 23.58% cases had gotten HIV-related health education (HRHE) before, less than controls (57.47%). More cases (48.91%) “always” got material support than controls (34.25%). Less cases gave “close” (38.04%) comments toward daily life, “satisfied” (34.78%) with their sexual life, “agree” being emotional fulfilled (46.74%) than controls (71.23% ,64.38%, and 61.64%). Risky factors for HIV infection among elderly men were having 3000 YUAN and above monthly income, visiting teahouse with friends, living without spouses, visiting different FSW, visiting FSW for other reason, receiving material support from most intimate sexual partner, older age of first visit to FSW. The protective factors were receiving HRHE, visiting FSW due to loneliness, and giving positive comments toward daily life with most intimate sexual partner. Conclusions Elderly men’s social interactions are mainly visiting teahouse which is a potential sexual venue. Getting HRHE is formal protective social interactions but very rare for cases (23.58%). Social support from sexual partner is not enough. Emotional support is protective meanwhile material support only is risky for becoming HIV-positive.
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