To describe the trends of the HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chengdu city, China, consecutive cross-sectional surveys were conducted by the Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention. These surveys were carried out between 2009 and 2014 according to the protocol of the national HIV Sentinel Surveillance System. For the 2422 MSM who participated in the survey, the overall HIV prevalence was 15.5% (375/2422, 95% CI 14.0-16.9%). Between 2009 and 2014, the HIV prevalence of MSM remained high, with HIV-positivity rates of 15.0%, 15.1%, 16.3%, 13.9%, 17.8% and 14.0% each year respectively (χ for trend = 0.008, P = 0.931). However, the majority (89.8%) of participants had had anal sex in the six months prior to the interview, and the percentage always using condoms during anal sex increased over the study period (36.7% in 2009, 39.8% in 2010, 36.9% in 2011, 46.2% in 2012, 65.1% in 2013, 49.0% in 2014; Chi-square for trend = 49.883, P < 0.001). HIV prevalence among MSM in Chengdu city has remained high. Given the continuing high levels of unprotected anal intercourse and high HIV prevalence among MSM, more effective intervention strategies are required to increase the coverage of MSM by risk-reduction interventions and to promote HIV testing among this population.

On April 26, 2021, a 33-year-old male Chinese sailor returning from India via Kathmandu, Nepal, tested positive for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by Chengdu Customs and was confirmed positive by Chengdu CDC (Case A).On May 2, 2021, a housewife in the same flight tested positive for COVID-19 by Pengzhou CDC in Sichuan Province during her quarantine period and was confirmed positive by Chengdu CDC the next day (Case B).On May 9, 2021, a male worker at a cement company in a different flight tested positive for COVID-19 by a third-party testing laboratory during his quarantined period and was confirmed positive by Chengdu CDC the next day (Case C).Epidemiological investigations revealed that Case A arrived in Kathmandu on April 19 from New Delhi, India and Case B arrived in Kathmandu on April 21 from Uttar Pradesh, India. Case C had been working in Kathmandu before returning. They all tested negative for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests and antibody tests of COVID-19 before boarding.Case A had been fully vaccinated with two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co. LTD) with the first dose on January 25 and the second on February 8, 2021. In addition, Case C was vaccinated (Sinovac Biotech Co. LTD) on October 19 and November 4, 2020. Case B was not vaccinated.The samples of nasopharyngeal swabs from the three cases were sequenced by Illumina MiniSeq Sequencing platform with commercial kits on April 27 and May 11, then the whole genome sequences of 29,858, 29,732, and 29,877 bp by length with depth over 3000X were obtained. Compared to the Wuhan reference sequence (MN908947) (1-2), they shared 20 nucleotide variation sites containing the characteristic spike mutations of T19R, L452R, T478K, D614G,

International flights have accelerated the global spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Determination of the optimal quarantine period for international travelers is crucial to prevent the local spread caused by imported COVID-19 cases. We performed a retrospective epidemiological study using 491 imported COVID-19 cases in Chengdu, China, to describe the characteristic of the cases and estimate the time from arrival to confirmation for international travelers using nonparametric survival methods. Among the 491 imported COVID-19 cases, 194 (39.5%) were asymptomatic infections. The mean age was 35.6 years (SD = 12.1 years) and 83.3% were men. The majority (74.1%) were screened positive for SARS-CoV-2, conducted by Chengdu Customs District, the People’s Republic of China. Asymptomatic cases were younger than presymptomatic or symptomatic cases (P < 0.01). The daily number of imported COVID-19 cases displayed jagged changes. 95% of COVID-19 cases were confirmed by PT-PCR within 14 days (95% CI 13–15) after arriving in Chengdu. A 14-day quarantine measure can ensure non-infection among international travelers with a 95% probability. Policymakers may consider an extension of the quarantine period to minimize the negative consequences of the COVID-19 confinement and prevent the international spread of COVID-19. Nevertheless, the government should consider the balance between COVID-19 and socioeconomic development, which may cause more serious social and health crises.

Objectives To make clear the roles of social interaction and social support in HIV infection among elderly men who visit female sex workers (FSW). Methods We conducted a case-control study: 106 newly HIV (+) vs. 87 HIV (-) elderly men who visited FSW with similar age, education levels, marital statuses, monthly expenses for entertainment and migration experiences. Experiences of visiting FSW, social interaction, and intimate social support were obtained. Backward binary logistic regression was applied. Results Cases’ first visit to FSW happened at the age of 44.01 ± 12.25, older than controls (33.90 ± 13.43). 23.58% cases had gotten HIV-related health education (HRHE) before, less than controls (57.47%). More cases (48.91%) “always” got material support than controls (34.25%). Less cases gave “close” (38.04%) comments toward daily life, “satisfied” (34.78%) with their sexual life, “agree” being emotional fulfilled (46.74%) than controls (71.23% ,64.38%, and 61.64%). Risky factors for HIV infection among elderly men were having 3000 YUAN and above monthly income, visiting teahouse with friends, living without spouses, visiting different FSW, visiting FSW for other reason, receiving material support from most intimate sexual partner, older age of first visit to FSW. The protective factors were receiving HRHE, visiting FSW due to loneliness, and giving positive comments toward daily life with most intimate sexual partner. Conclusions Elderly men’s social interactions are mainly visiting teahouse which is a potential sexual venue. Getting HRHE is formal protective social interactions but very rare for cases (23.58%). Social support from sexual partner is not enough. Emotional support is protective meanwhile material support only is risky for becoming HIV-positive.