All-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have drawn increasing attention because of their outstanding thermal stability. However, their performance is still inferior than the typical organic-inorganic counterparts, especially for the devices with p-in configuration. Herein, we successfully employ a Lewis base small molecule to passivate the inorganic perovskite film, and its derived PVSCs achieved a champion efficiency of 16.1% and a certificated efficiency of 15.6% with improved photostability, representing the most efficient inverted all-inorganic PVSCs to date. Our studies reveal that the nitrile (C-N) groups on the small molecule effectively reduce the trap density of the perovskite film and thus significantly suppresses the non-radiative recombination in the derived PVSC by passivating the Pb-exposed surface, resulting in an improved open-circuit voltage from 1.10 V to 1.16 V after passivation. This work provides an insight in the design of functional interlayers for improving efficiencies and stability of all-inorganic PVSCs.

Interactions between bacteria and fungi have great environmental, medical, and agricultural importance, but the molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we study the interactions between the bacterium Pseudomonas piscium, from the wheat head microbiome, and the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum. We show that a compound secreted by the bacteria (phenazine-1-carboxamide) directly affects the activity of fungal protein FgGcn5, a histone acetyltransferase of the SAGA complex. This leads to deregulation of histone acetylation at H2BK11, H3K14, H3K18, and H3K27 in F. graminearum, as well as suppression of fungal growth, virulence, and mycotoxin biosynthesis. Therefore, an antagonistic bacterium can inhibit growth and virulence of a plant pathogenic fungus by manipulating fungal histone modification.

stability of perovskite materials under photo-, thermal, or moisture stresses, and the volatile nature of the organic cations in the prototype (organic-inorganic hybrid) perovskite composition, may hinder their commercialization. [3][4][5] To address the stability issues, all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) based on cesium (Cs) lead halide has been developed and has drawn considerable research attention, wherein the organic cations in the perovskite structure are completely replaced by the inorganic Cs ions, whose atomic size is suitable to form the perovskite crystal structure. [6][7][8][9] Among all the Cs-based PVSCs, the cesium lead iodine (CsPbI 3 ) has the most favorable bandgap (1.73 eV), but the black phase of CsPbI 3 is not stable at room temperature. [10,11] Therefore, various methods have been investigated including partially substituting I or Pb ions in the CsPbI 3 perovskite with Br or Sn ions, which regulates the tolerance factor of the lattice and thus improves the phase stability of blackphase CsPbI 3 . [12][13][14][15] Among them, CsPbI 2 Br shows good phase stability and a reasonable bandgap of 1.92 eV, which is suitable for perovskite/silicon tandem cells applications. [10,16,17] At present, PCE of over 19% has been reported for allinorganic PVSCs that employed the doped Spiro-OMeTAD as Designing new hole-transporting materials (HTMs) with desired chemical, electrical, and electronic properties is critical to realize efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with a p-i-n structure. Herein, the synthesis of a novel 3D small molecule named TPE-S and its application as an HTM in PVSCs are shown. The all-inorganic inverted PVSCs made using TPE-S, processed without any dopant or post-treatment, are highly efficient and stable. Compared to control devices based on the commonly used HTM, PEDOT:PSS, devices based on TPE-S exhibit improved optoelectronic properties, more favorable interfacial energetics, and reduced recombination due to an improved trap passivation effect. As a result, the all-inorganic CsPbI 2 Br PVSCs based on TPE-S demonstrate a remarkable efficiency of 15.4% along with excellent stability, which is the one of the highest reported values for inverted all-inorganic PVSCs. Meanwhile, the TPE-S layer can also be generally used to improve the performance of organic/inorganic hybrid inverted PVSCs, which show an outstanding power conversation efficiency of 21.0%, approaching the highest reported efficiency for inverted PVSCs. This work highlights the great potential of TPE-S as a simple and general dopant-free HTM for different types of high-performance PVSCs.

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Development of high‐performance dopant‐free hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) with comprehensive passivation effects is highly desirable for all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Squaraines (SQs) could be a candidate for dopant‐free HTMs as they are natural passivators for perovskites. One major limitation of SQs is their relatively low hole mobility. Herein we demonstrate that polymerizing SQs into pseudo two dimensional (2D) p–π conjugated polymers could overcome this problem. By rationally using N,N‐diarylanilinosquaraines as the comonomers, the resulting polysquaraine HTMs not only exhibit suitable energy levels and efficient passivation effects, but also achieve very high hole mobility close to 0.01 cm−2 V−1 s−1. Thus as dopant‐free HTMs for α‐CsPbI2Br‐based all‐inorganic PVSCs, the best PCE reached is 15.5 %, outperforming those of the doped‐Spiro‐OMeTAD (14.4 %) based control devices and among the best for all‐inorganic PVSCs.

Cesium-based inorganic perovskites have recently attracted great research focus due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and thermal stability. However, the operational instability of all-inorganic perovskites is still a main hindrance for the commercialization. Herein, a facile approach is reported to simultaneously enhance both the efficiency and long-term stability for allinorganic CsPbI 2.5 Br 0.5 perovskite solar cells via inducing excess lead iodide (PbI 2 ) into the precursors. Comprehensive film and device characterizations are conducted to study the influences of excess PbI 2 on the crystal quality, passivation effect, charge dynamics, and photovoltaic performance. It is found that excess PbI 2 improves the crystallization process, producing high-quality CsPbI 2.5 Br 0.5 films with enlarged grain sizes, enhanced crystal orientation, and unchanged phase composition. The residual PbI 2 at the grain boundaries also provides a passivation effect, which improves the optoelectronic properties and charge collection property in optimized devices, leading to a power conversion efficiency up to 17.1% with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.25 V. More importantly, a remarkable long-term operational stability is also achieved for the optimized CsPbI 2.5 Br 0.5 solar cells, with less than 24% degradation drop at the maximum power point under continuous illumination for 420 h.

There are distinct differences in comorbid conditions among dementia subtypes. Our research does not support previous studies that suggest a circulatory component to the development of Alzheimer's disease.