Anacardic acid (AA) is a mixture of 2-hydroxy-6-alkylbenzoic acid homologs. It is widely regarded as a non-specific histone acetyltransferase inhibitor of p300. The effects and the mechanisms of AA in LNCaP cells (prostate cancer cells) remain unknown. To investigate the effect of AA on LNCaP cells, we had carried out several experiments and found that AA inhibits LNCaP cell proliferation, induces G1/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of LNCaP cell. The mechanisms via which AA acts on LNCaP cells may be due to the following aspects. First, AA can regulate p300 transcription and protein level except for its mechanisms regulating function of p300 through post-translational modification in LNCaP cells. Second, AA can activate p53 through increasing the phosphorylation of p53 on Ser15 in LNCaP cells. AA can selectively activate p21 (target genes of p53). Third, AA can down-regulates androgen receptor (AR) through supressing p300. Our study suggests that AA has multiple anti-tumor activities in LNCaP cells and warrants further investigation. Chin J Cancer Res 2012;24(4):275-283 www.thecjcr.org culture medium when necessary. DMEM, growth factorreduced matrigel and fetalbovine serum (FBS) were bought from BD Corporation (San Jose, CA). The Lipofectamine™ 2000 and the Total RNA Extraction kit were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). The MTT Cell Proliferation and Cytotoxicity Assay kit and the Annexin V-FITC & PI Apoptosis Detection kit were purchased from KeyGen Biotech (Nanjing, China). SYBR Green PCR Master Mix were purchased from Fermentas (Burlington, Ontario, Canada). The Total Protein Extraction kit was purchased from ProMab (Changsha, China). Primary antibodies for p300, p21, p53, AR, cyclin D1 and siRNA specifically for p300 were bought from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Primary antibody for phospho-p53 (Ser 15) was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. RPMI 1640 was purchased from GIBCO. Cell lines and cell cultureLNCaP was purchased from Yinrun (Changsha, China). LNCaP is a classical metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma cell line, derived from metastatic lymph nodes. LNCaP was cultured with both RPMI 1640 and 10% FBS, and subcultured weekly (37 ℃, 5% CO 2 ). p300 siRNA transfectionT h e L n c a p c e l l s w e r e s e e d e d i n t o 6 -w e l l p l a t e s (4×10 4 -5×10 4 cells/well) and cultured in 2 mL basic culture medium containing 10% FBS overnight until the cells were 70% confluent. Cells were transiently transfected with a validated scrambled control siRNA, or p300 siRNA by using InterferinTM transfection reagent. The mixture of siRNA and InterferinTM transfection reagent was incubated for 10 min, added to each well of the 6-well plates and incubated at 37 ℃ for 24 h before drug treatment. Detecting the inhibition of cell growth using MTT assaysLncap cells were treated with AA or transfected with p300 siRNA before drug treatment. Cells were incubated at various concentrations (0, 5, 25, and 125 μmol/L) at a series of time points (0, 4, 24 and 28 h). Then, 5 mg/mL of MTT so...

AIM:To understand the role and significance of side population (SP) cells from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatocarcinogenesis, development, relapse and metastasis, we simulated the denutrition conditions that cancer cells experience in clinical therapy, observed the different anti-apoptosis ability of SP cells and non-SP cells under such conditions, and established the possible effects of P53, Bcl-2 and Bax on survival of SP cells. METHODS:We used flow cytometry to analyze and sort the SP and non-SP cells in established HCC lines MHCC97 and hHCC. We evaluated cell proliferation by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and investigated the expression of p53, bcl-2 and bax genes during denutrition, by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS:The percentage of SP cells in the two established HCC lines was 0.25% and 0.5%, respectively. SP cells had greater anti-apoptosis and proliferation ability than non-SP cells. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in SP and non-SP cells differed during denutrition. The former was up-regulated in SP cells, and the latter was up-regulated in non-SP cells. CONCLUSION:It may be that different upstream molecules acted and led to different expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax in these two cell lines. There was a direct relationship between up-regulation of Bcl-2 and down-regulation of Bax and higher anti-apoptosis ability in SP cells. It may be that the existence and activity of SP cells are partly responsible for some of the clinical phenomena which are seen in HCC, such as relapse or metastasis. Further research on SP cells may have potential applications in the field of anticancer therapy.

-Modern SRAM-based FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) use multiplexer-based unidirectional routing, and SRAM configuration cells in these multiplexers contribute to the majority of soft errors in FPGAs. In this paper, we formulate an In-Placed inVersion (IPV) on LUT (Look-Up Table) logic polarities to reduce the Soft Error Rate (SER) at chip level, and reveal a locality and NP-Hardness of the IPV problem. We then develop an exact algorithm based on the binary integer linear programming (ILP) and also a heuristic based on the simulated annealing (SA), both enabled by the locality. We report the results for 10 largest MCNC combinational benchmarks synthesized by ABC and then placed and routed by VPR. The results show that IPV obtains close to 4x chip level SER reduction on average and SA is highly effective by obtaining the same SER reduction as ILP does. In addition, IPV does not change placement and routing, and does not affect design closure. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first in-depth study on SER reduction for modern multiplexer-based FPGA routing by in-placed logic re-synthesis.

In this paper, we present a novel CRC-aided turbo equalization approach that exploits the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to reduce computational complexity. The essential idea is that, during the iterative process, once a data block in the data frame is detected totally correct by CRC, we can set all the log likelihood ratio (LLR) of the bits in this block a fixed high value for the next iteration, and stop the corresponding computation about this block, hence decreasing computation in equalization and decoding. When LDPC is used as forward-error correction (FEC) codes, it is convenient to make use of the error detection capability of LDPC instead of CRC, avoiding extra overhead. Simulations show that the proposed CRC-aided turbo equalization achieves a performance equal to or even better than that of the conventional turbo equalization algorithm, but with a lower computational complexity.

Sn based film with a thickness of 169 nm has been electrodeposited on copper plate from a choline chloride/ethylene glycol based electrolyte containing SnCl 2 . Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has been studied on the prepared Sn based film electrode in KHCO 3 aqueous solution.The electrolysis results show that the faradaic efficiency for producing formate is affected by the time of the electrode exposed to air and the electrolysis potential. We find that the Sn based film can improve the electrocatalytic activity for CO 2 reduction. The faradaic efficiency for producing formate on the Sn based film electrode (74.1%) is higher than that on the Cu plate electrode.

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A preliminary survey of estrogenic activity of the contaminant in part of waters (Ziya River and the estuary of Haihe River) in Haihe River, Tianjin has been performed with the plasma vitellogenin (Vtg) in feral fish as a biomarker for estrogenic activity. The concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) in surface water were also determined. The presence of Vtg in male fish plasma as well as that in female can be detected at different sites and different seasons. The results indicate that the water in the sampling sites was contaminated by some estrogenic compounds. Although BPA, OP and NP can be detected in all of the water samples, their concentrations were much lower than the effective concentrations for those chemicals to induce Vtg production in male fish.

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